ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING (Partizione B)
Academic year and teacher
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2020/2021
- Teacher
- RAFFAELA VITALE
- Credits
- 9
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
- SSD
- ICAR/17
Training objectives
- This course has the aim to train in drawing intended as an instrument for the description of architecture. A series of theorical and technical knowledges on methods, means, instruments and rules will allow at the future architect to project and describe buildings.
Knowledge:
- principles and methods of the science of representation, from traditional to digital drawing (free-hand drawing and sketching, orthogonal projection, axonometric projection, perspective representation, theory of drawing shadows)
- graphic standards, techniques of representation through the evolution of traditional graphic and representative tools (related to the theories of visual perception and colour)
Skills:
- investigate, describe and check scientifically the architectural, urban and landscape space, its forms and materials;
- analyse and use visual, diagnostic and documentary methods that allow to critically address the understanding of an architecture, a urban context, a landscape in relation to the formal, dimensional, chromatic and material, perceptual, historical-constructive and conservative features;
- manage a three-dimensional model (consistent for shape, size and detail) and its related orthogonal projections, connected to the logical-descriptive interpretation path;
- critically use methods, norms and tools of architectural representation (traditional) according to the criteria of representation science, for the management of the geometric model of architectural, urban and landscape space;
- identify the morphologic, material and chromatic components consistent with the representation aims, according to coded representation criteria and procedures. Prerequisites
- Basic knowledge of:
- Basic geometric elements: point, line, plane
- Angles: definitions and operations with angular measurements
- Polygons
- Triangles: heights, bisectors, medians and axes
- Characteristics and principle of conformity of triangles
- Characteristics and classification of quadrilaterals
- Rotations and translations
- Area of regular polygons
- Pythagoras theorem
- Circumference and circle
- Criteria of similarity and theorems of Euclid
Lines and planes in space
- Solids: polyhedrons, sphere. Course programme
- The integrated course of Architectural Drawing consists of the Drawing module (50 hours) and the Fundamentals of Descriptive Geometry module (40 hours). The first aims to experience the potential of drawing as a key tool of investigation, knowledge and communication. The second aims to develop the student’s ability to control the shapes in space and how to represent them through the construction of models in geometric space.
DRAWING
- Characters and purposes
- The tools
- Conventional systems of representation and dimensioning
- The architectural elements: vertical and horizontal, roofing (vaults and roofs), the horizontal (openings) and vertical (stairs) connections
- Graphic analysis, visual perception, the theories of colour
- Graphic techniques
Layout, page settings and color proofs
Perspective projections applied to on-site drawing
GEOMETRY
- The basic geometric entities; perpendicularity, parallelism, belonging and tangency conditions; elementary geometric constructions.
- Orthogonal projection _ The fundamental geometric entities and their reconstruction in space; representation of points, lines and planes in particular positions; intersection operations. Belonging and position relations; perpendicularity conditions; measurement of angles and lengths. Mentions on cones and cylinders; geometric genesis of simple and composed vaults; representation of a constant gutter roof with the method of the bisectors. Theory of shadows.
- Axonometric representation _ the orthogonal axonometry, the theorem of Schlomilch; construction of isometric measuring units, trimetric, dimetric and isometric system, conventional enlargement; the oblique axonometry, the theorem of Pohlke; special graphics models; construction of shadows.
- Perspective representation _ perspective and photography; representation of the fundamental geometric entities and reconstruction of their position in space; belonging and parallelism conditions. Perspective models. Theory of shadows. Didactic methods
- Learning is driven by teachers, in a coordinated path made by lectures and practical exercises. The teaching is divided into:
- basic theoretical notions;
- individual exercises in class and outdoor: the description of intermediate exercises and final drawings is located in the site of the course, deliveries are timetabled in the calendar;
- revision in hours dedicated to the laboratory.
The student needs his own individual work equipment. Learning assessment procedures
- During the examination is attributed a single mark, synthesis of the intermediate assessments (A, excellent - B, good - C, passing grade - D, unsatisfactory) and those of the day of the examination. An unsatisfactory intermediate evaluation entails an oral and/or written question on that topic on the day the exam.
It is expected:
- intermediate weekly deliveries: drawings and notebook (elementary geometric constructions, graphic analysis, graphic techniques, conventional systems of representation in the different representation scales, visual perception, axonometry and perspective)
- written intermediate test of descriptive geometry: orthogonal projections
- oral and written test of descriptive geometry the day of the exam: axonometric and perspective representation
- development of a “final theme” inherent a residence (plans, fronts, sections, axonometries and perspectives, color). Drawings must be carried out in autonomy, weekly revised by the teachers and presented the day of the exam. In the absence of an adequate number of revisions a brief written test on a theme similar to that called “final theme” will take place.
If one of the marks on the day of the exam is unsatisfactory it is necessary to repeat the oral examination. Reference texts
- for Drawing
M. DOCCI, D. MAESTRI, M. GAIANI, Scienza del disegno, CittàStudi, Torino 2011
M. DOCCI, Teoria e pratica del Disegno, Laterza, Bari 2010
for Descriptive Geometry
R. MIGLIARI, Geometria dei modelli, Kappa, Roma 2003
