ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING (Partizione B)
Academic year and teacher
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2016/2017
- Teacher
- GAIA LAVORATTI
- Credits
- 9
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
- SSD
- ICAR/17
Training objectives
- This course has the aim to train in drawing intended as an instrument for the description of architecture. A series of theorical and technical knowledges on methods, means, instruments and rules will allow at the future architect to project and describe buildings.
Knowledge _ The foundation of science of the representation _ Theory and applications of the methods of representation and, exactly: orthogonal projection, axonometric projection, perspective representation _ Theory of drawing shadows _ Theory of forms and aggregations of elementary forms in the plan and in the space _ The graphic techniques of representation _ The graphic conventions of architectural drawing _ Perception and visual communication _ Color and its theories.
Skills _ Ability to understand and analyze the architectural space and represent it correctly _ Ability to identify the techniques of graphic representation in relation to the spatial principles and the constituent elements of anthropic space _ Drawing architectures using national and international conventions _ Free-hand drawing and sketching, also using chiaroscuro, as support to planning process and to direct reading of historic architecture _ Representing architectural space, using methods and procedures of science of representation, with tools of technical drawing and free-hand drawing _ Leading graphic analysis of architectures _ Drawing shapes and proportions by real. Prerequisites
- Basic knowledge of:
Basic geometric elements: point, line, plane
Angles: definitions and operations with angular measurements
Polygons
Triangles: heights, bisectors, medians and axes
Characteristics and principle of conformity of triangles
Characteristics and classification of quadrilaterals
Rotations and translations
Area of regular polygons
Pythagoras theorem
Circumference and circle
Criteria of similarity and theorems of Euclid
Lines and planes in space
Solids: polyhedrons, sphere. Course programme
- The integrated course of Architectural Drawing consists of the Drawing module (50 hours) and the Descriptive Geometry module (40 hours). The first aims to experience the potential of design as a key tool of investigation, knowledge and communication. The second aims to develop the student’s ability to control the shapes in space and how to represent them through the construction of models in geometric space.
DRAWING
Characters and purposes
The tools
Conventional systems of representation and dimensioning
The architectural elements: vertical and horizontal, roofing (vaults and roofs), the horizontal (openings) and vertical (stairs) connections
Graphic and perception analysis
Graphic techniques
Layout, page settings and color proofs
Perspective projections applied to on-site drawing
GEOMETRY
The basic geometric entities; perpendicularity, parallelism, belonging and tangency conditions; elementary geometric constructions.
Orthogonal projection_ The fundamental geometric entities and their reconstruction in space; representation of points, lines and planes in particular positions; intersection operations. Belonging and position relations; perpendicularity conditions; measurement of angles and lengths. Mentions on cones and cylinders; geometric genesis of simple and composed vaults; representation of a constant gutter roof with the method of the bisectors. Theory of shadows.
Axonometric representation _ the orthogonal axonometry, the theorem of Schlomilch; construction of isometric measuring units, trimetric, dimetric and isometric system, conventional enlargement; the oblique axonometry, the theorem of Pohlke; special graphics models; construction of shadows.
Perspective representation _ perspective and photography; representation of the fundamental geometric entities and reconstruction of their position in space; belonging and parallelism conditions. Perspective models. Theory of shadows. Didactic methods
- Learning is driven by teachers, in a coordinated path made by lectures and practical exercises. The teaching is divided into:
• basic theoretical notions;
• individual exercises in class and outdoor: the description of intermediate exercises and final drawings is located in the site of the course, deliveries are timetabled in the calendar;
• revision in hours dedicated to the laboratory.
The student needs his own individual work equipment. Learning assessment procedures
- During the examination is attributed a single mark, synthesis of the intermediate assessments (A, excellent - B, good - C, passing grade - D, unsatisfactory) and those of the day of the examination. An unsatisfactory intermediate evaluation entails an oral and/or written question on that topic on the day the exam.
It is expected:
• intermediate weekly deliveries: drawings and notebook (elementary geometric constructions, graphic analysis, graphic techniques, conventional systems of representation in the different representation scales, visual perception, axonometry and perspective)
• written intermediate test of descriptive geometry: orthogonal projections
• oral and written test of descriptive geometry the day of the exam: axonometric and perspective representation
• development of a “final theme” inherent a residence (plans, fronts, sections, axonometries and perspectives, color). Drawings must be carried out in autonomy, weekly revised by the teachers and presented the day of the exam. In the absence of an adequate number of revisions a brief written test on a theme similar to that called “final theme” will take place.
If one of the marks on the day of the exam is unsatisfactory it is necessary to repeat the oral examination. Reference texts
- for Drawing
M. DOCCI, D. MAESTRI, M. GAIANI, Scienza del disegno, CittàStudi, Torino 2011
M. DOCCI, Teoria e pratica del Disegno, Laterza, Bari 2010
for Geometry
R. MIGLIARI, Geometria dei modelli, Kappa, Roma 2003
