ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2022/2023
- Teacher
- CATIA CONTADO
- Credits
- 6
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
- SSD
- CHIM/01
Training objectives
- The course is the only one in Analytical Chemistry of the full Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies.
This course aims to introduce the student to the quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals. The student will be given the basic theoretical and practical tools to deal with quantitative analyses of simple analytes in aqueous solutions.
The acquired knowledge will be the application of:
- Simple statistical tools to evaluate and elaborate the experimental data.
- equilibria in water (acid-base, precipitation, complexation and redox) for volumetric analyses.
The course also aims to improve the ability of the student to write laboratory reports, according to scientific publication criteria. Prerequisites
- It is necessary to have acquired and assimilated the basic knowledge of mathematics and general chemistry, in particular:
- basic mathematical notions, first and second degree equations, properties of logarithms, use of exponential notation, reading and discussion of an xy plot, in addition to the use of calculators and the knowledge of the most common units of measurement.
- basic concepts of chemistry (naming and representation of molecules), characteristics and properties of chemical species, concept of chemical transformation and chemical equilibrium, accompanied by the relative use of equilibrium constants. Course programme
- The course comprises 5 credits (40 hours) of lectures and 1 credit (12 hours) of laboratory exercises to individual places.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - THEORETICAL PART
- Equilibria in solutions (5 hours): concentration and activity, ionic strength, Debye-Huckel equation
- Acid-base titrations (15 hours): pH calculation for strong acids and bases, titration curve, final and equivalence point, colorimetric indicators, effects of the reagent concentration, instrumental technique for the determination of the equivalence point, calculations, the role of the solvent on the acid strenght, Bronsted theory, pH of weak acids, pH of buffer solutions (Henderson-Hasselbach equation), dissociation constant of monoprotic and poliprotic systems
- Complex formation (4 hours): reactions, use of EDTA, constants, auxiliary agents, retrotitrations
- Redox titrations (6 hours): redox reactions, oxidizing and reducing agents, Gibbs energy, electrochemical potentials, Nernst equation, Redox titrations, potenziometric cell, calculation of the potential at the equivalence point, titrations curve for polyelectronic exchanhges, potentiometric technique, types of electrodes.
- statistical data analysis (10 hours): definitions of data sample and data population, average and standard deviation, significant digits and rules to approximate the results, accuracy and precision, systematic and random errors, Gauss function, t-Student function and confidence intervals, error propagation, statistical tests for accuracy, precision and outlier evaluation ("t" and "Q" tests), regression methods, calibration, detection and quantification limits.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - PRACTICAL PART
The laboratory part provides for the following practical experiences which aim to deepen the statistical treatment of the data:
- Statistical comparison of different colorimetric indicators in an strong acid-strong base titration
- Determination of equivalent point through the derivative method in a potentiometric titration weak acid-strong base, and calculation of relative error
- Volumetric determination of the active ingredient in a commercial product and application of statistical tests Didactic methods
- • Presentation of problems and deductive resolution.
• Explanations on the black board, supported by video and power point presentations.
• Exercises taken from the textbooks , which students can solve autonomously
• Practical experiments in laboratory
• Multimedia resources to explain data processing, which is necessary for writing the reports for the laboratory part Learning assessment procedures
- The learning assessment takes into account of a written test and the report on the practical activities. An oral test will be proposed to those students who will have achieved a score >26/30 in the written test. However, the mark of the oral part might improve or worsen the whole result of the exam.
The written test consists of 2 numerical exercises, similar to those solved autonomously by students and 2 open questions. The time to answer the test is 90 minutes.
The candidate will be evaluated based on the ability to discuss, connect and compare the different topics.
The practical part contributes to the overall evaluation, considering the number of CFU, and tye students are required to write scientific reports about the lab experiences. The reports must be indivudually written: if two or more students present clearly copied reports, a penalty will be applied in the evaluation. Reference texts
- - F.J.Holler, S.R.Crouch - Fondamenti di Chimica Analitica di Skoog & West. Terza Edizione - Edises 2015.
- David S. Hage, James D. Carr - Chimica analitica ed analisi quantitativa. Piccin. 2012
- D.C. Harris - Chimica Analitica Quantitativa - Zanichelli.
- J.C. Miller, J.N. Miller - Statistics for Analytical Chemistry - 3a Edizione Ellis Horwood PTR Prentice Hall.
