APPLIED ACOUSTICS AND LIGHTING TECHNIQUE
Academic year and teacher
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2020/2021
- Teacher
- NICOLA PRODI
- Credits
- 6
- Didactic period
- Secondo Semestre
- SSD
- ING-IND/11
Training objectives
- The course discusses the nature of the sound, human perception and the behavior of sound waves indoors and outdoors. It aims at providing the basis for understanding phenomena and develops computational tools for simple acoustics control problems in the field of civil engineering. The course presents the quantities used in lighting techniques and develops the basic design tools for dealing with natural and artificial light.
The main topics gained as knowledge will be:
- Basics of sound sources and sound reception
- Knowledge of the quantities of interest in applied acoustics used in the design practice
- Knowledge of sound propagation outdoors
- Knowledge of the sound problems in enclosures such as reverberation and sound level
- Knowledge of sound insulation
- Basic knowledge of tools for measurement of sound
- Knowledge of technical terms and the basic problems of lighting
- Basics of the natural and artificial lighting design
The main skills (the ability to apply knowledge acquired) will be:
-Predict sound level propagated by outdoor sources and mitigation of noise barriers
- Predict the sound level and the reverberation time in enclosures
- Calculate the absorption coefficient of a porous material from its surface impedance
- Predict the sound insulation of thin homogeneous partitions
- Calculate the daylight factor
- Calculate the direct lighting
- Dimensioning of artificial lighting Prerequisites
- The following knowledge provided by the courses of "Mathematical analysis" and "Physics" 'must be already acquired and assimilated:
- Basic concepts of calculus, differential calculus and complex numbers;
- Knowledge of the fundamental concepts of physics. Course programme
- The course includes 60 hours of teaching between lessons and exercises. In particular there are 50 hours of applied acoustics and 10 hours of lighting.
APPLIED ACOUSTICS
The sound phenomenon
Source and the propagation medium. Speed ¿¿of sound. Main acoustical quantities: sound pressure, particle velocity, intensity, energy density and acoustic impedance. Rms values. Sound levels and the decibel scale.
Frequency analysis and human auditory system
Audiogram and description of the human auditory system. Introduction to frequency analysis. Spectra. Octave and third octave bands. White noise and pink noise. Weighting curves.
Sound level measurement
The sound level meter: functional diagram. Time constants, equivalent level and SEL.
Environmental Acoustics
Sound propagation outdoors: plane, spherical and cylindrical waves. Effects of attenuation with propagation. Noise barriers and their sizing.
Sound absorption
Complex reflection coefficient. Specific impedance. Prediction of the absorption coefficient. Mechanisms of sound absorption. Sound-absorbing materials.
Transmission and acoustic insulation
The sound insulation: the law of mass, resonance effect and coincidence. Double walls. Propagation from indoors to outdoors and vice versa. Passive acoustics requirements for buildings, notes on technical standards and legislation.
Architectural acoustics
Sound in enclosures: geometrical acoustics, energetic approach and Sabine statistical theory. Stationary sound energy density and sound decay, reverberation time. Other expressions of reverberation time. Sound level according to reverberant and semi-reverberant acoustic field hypotheses. Introduction to wave approach (normal modes and standing waves).
LIGHTING TECHNIQUES
The phenomenon of light
Definitions: photometric quantities, color, surface scattering.
Natural lighting
Sky models; daylight factor; application to indoor environments.
Artificial lighting
Lighting requirements; direct lighting; interior lighting, lamps; integration with natural light. Didactic methods
- In the academic years up to 2018-2019, the course took place in the classroom, through lectures and numerical exercises aimed at solving specific problems of applied acoustics and lighting techniques.
In the academic year 2019-20, the teaching took place entirely in e-learning mode, with video lessons and exercises.
This year, the lessons will still be conducted in e-learning mode, given the persistence of the health emergency from COVID. Mainly video lessons and live streaming exercises will be held; in some cases pre-recorded lessons will be used. Learning assessment procedures
- The exam consists in a written essay and in an oral examination that are carried out in conjunction with those of the course "Thermodynamics, heat transfer and building thermophysics " (Prof. P. Fausti) that is integrated with this course.
-the written essay lasts 3h and is done in remote mode. It consists in the numerical solution of three simple problems: the first is on thermodynamics, the second is on heat transfer and third is either on applied acoustics or on lighting technique. Problems data are customized by reference to some figures of the University badge number.
-During the written essay it is allowed to make use of tables, charts, books, notes etc ... but internet and telephone/smartphone connections are not allowed.
-For the admission to oral examination (which is usually scheduled after 7 to 10 days) it is necessary to match or exceed the minimum threshold of assessment equal to 15/30. For votes from 15/30 to 17/30 the admission is critical and this means that the candidate will be surely asked to solve a problem. For essay votes greater than or equal to 18/30 the admission is regular.
-The result of the written essay is considered valid for a period of 12 months from the date of compilation.
-The oral exam consists in theoretical questions, at least three, or in setting up the solution of typical exercises covering all the topics of the lectures.
-The final mark is assigned by formulating an evaluation that reflects the degree of preparation in the written essay and the oral exam.
-Since this course is integrated with the course "Thermodynamics, heat transfer and building thermophysics " (Prof. P. Fausti) the same vote is recorded equally for both courses Reference texts
- The lessons do not follow a reference text, but the teacher will distribute transparencies and handouts on part of the program and exercises on both acoustics and lighting techniques. THe following textbooks can be considered to cover the program; as a comprehensive text P. Ricciardi, "lelmneti d acsutica ed illuminotecnica", McGrawHill and to deepen the konwledge in acosutics R.Spagnolo "Manuele di acsutica applicata", CittàStudi Edizioni.
