HYDRAULIC INFRASTRCTURES
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2021/2022
- Teacher
- MARCO FRANCHINI
- Credits
- 12
- Didactic period
- Secondo Semestre
- SSD
- ICAR/02
Training objectives
- The main target of the course is that of furnishing the basis for the design of hydraulic works which are inserted in water distribution systems and in sewers, giving a peculiar attention on the hydraulic aspects characterizing the pumping stations, the storage systems, flood dumping and lateral weir systems.
The main knowledges to be gained are:
Laws describing hydraulic turbo pumps
Parallel and series pumping systems
The components forming an aqueduct system
Characterization of the user water demand
Relationship between transport feeding system and capacity of the water tanks
Types of tanks and reservoirs
Equipment in the tanks and reservoirs
Methods for verifying and designing transport systems
Minimum cost conditions to be applied to the nodes for open networks
Method of characteristics applied for describing the transient in pressurized pipe systems
Hydraulic methods for verifying looped networks (GGA)
Collection systems for rainwater in buildings
Collection systems for rainwater in roads
Collection systems for used water in buildings
Sewer system (sewer systems and storm water systems)
Lateral weirs
Crossover through syphons
The main abilities (i.e. capacity of applying knowledges gained) are:
Designing pumping systems for sewers and storm water systems
Designing tanks and reservoirs from a hydraulic point of view
Designing and verifying water transport and distribution systems on the basis of reliability and minimum cost criteria
Designing draining and collection system at building level
Designing draining and collection of storm and sanitary sewers at urban level Prerequisites
- Knowledge of the hydraulics of pressure flow and open channel flow.
Knowledge of calculus thought in the courses of Mathematics I and II and Geometry (linear Algebra).
Elements of statistics and theory of probability Course programme
- Turbopumps: Classification; Components of a pump; Elementary pump theory; Eulero's equation; Basic output parameters; Efficiency and water horsepower; Losses, Pump performance curve and similarity rules; Dimensionless pump performance indexes; Specific speed and specific diameter. Pumping stations: Matching pumps to system characteristics; Duty point, operational range; Pumps combined in parallel and in series; Cavitation; NPSH, Thoma's parameter.
Pumping stations: Air vessel Evangelisti's theory; sumps and sludge chamber; Pumping sequences; General design considerations of pumping stations and mains.
Water distribution systems: Water Consumption; Peak coefficients; Damping action of the tanks; Tank volume components; dumping part, water-reserve, fire-reserve; Construction aspects. Ground, elevated, with standpipe and autoclave. Autoclave design. Sizing main systems; Sizing looped and open water distribution systems; Economic constraints and considerations. Water hammer. Allievi equations, method of characteristics. Conjugate gradient method for pipe network steady state hydraulic analysis. Genetic algorithm applied to the minimum cost design of water distribution networks
Storm and sanitary sewers: Choosing criteria; Path definition and maps; Sizing tools; Elements of Hydrology and return period definition, The rational method; the Italian method. Working example of sizing a storm sewer system; Sewer appurtenances: Manholes, Street inlets, Junctions and transitions; siphons, weirs and flood control channels, detention basin. Didactic methods
- Theoretical lessons on all the topics of the course. The lessons are held frontally with the aid of didactic material and the projection of slides regarding the construction details of the hydraulic works.
Classroom applications
Numerical applications on pumps, affinity laws and matching point in pumping systems: design of a pumping system.
Design of rectangular and semi-circular gutters
Design of road gutters and stormwater intlets
Design of collecting used water systems in buildings
Design of syphons
Laboratory applications
Transient analysis in a pipe linking a reservoir to a tank whose level varies with time as function of the opening status of a valve located upstream of it: sequence of stationary states, pure unsteady flow studies with the method of characteristics. All material is prepared with a Matlab code.
Analysis and design of water distribution network with EPANET. User water demand characterization at the nodes, definition of diameters and tank size. Extend Period Simulations and result analysis
Design of a combined storm-sanitary sewer for a given planimetry. Use of the rational and Italian method for sizing the pipes. Constructive details of local works (inspection chambers, etc.). Longitudinal profiles. Design of a syphon, of a lateral weir, of a flood control channel, and a detention basin. The design is completed with blueprint maps and all the calculations are performed in Matlab environment. Learning assessment procedures
- The exam is performed in oral form and it is based on a discussion about the numerical applications developed during the course and a discussion of the theoretical and numerical aspects thought during the frontal lessons. The student has to demonstrate the complete mastery of the means used to perform the numerical applications and furthermore s/he is expected to be able to justify the solution adopted. S/he has also to demonstrate his/her understanding of the formal, theoretical and practical aspects involved in the design procedure thought.
The student is expected to reach a minimum of 18/30 in each of the two discussions. The final mark is given by the weighted mean of the two marks where the second discussion has a double weight with respect to the first one.
If one of the two discussions is judged not sufficient, the student is expected to repeat the exam on both the parts. Reference texts
- Didactic material distributed by the lecturer
Texts for deeping the topics
Cornetti G., Macchine Idrauliche, Vol.1, Ed. Il capitello Torino, 1989.
Da Deppo L., Datei C., Fognature, Ed. Libreria Cortina, 1997.
Becciu G., Paoletti A., Esercitazioni di Costruzioni Idrauliche, CEDAM, 1999.
Milano V. Acquedotti, Ed HOEPLI, 1998
