FUNDAMENTALS OF APPLIED FLUID DYNAMICS
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2022/2023
- Teacher
- PIER RUGGERO SPINA
- Credits
- 6
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
- SSD
- ING-IND/09
Training objectives
- The course, preparatory for the course of “Fluid Dynamic Design of Turbomachinery” (Progettazione fluidodinamica delle turbomachine), aims to provide the knowledge on main fluid dynamic phenomena occurring in compressible and incompressible fluid machines. The provided knowledge and tools are finalized to provide the skills necessary to understand and model the above mentioned fluid dynamic phenomena.
Prerequisites
- Knowledge provided in the courses of "Fluid Machinery” (Macchine) of the Bachelor Degree in Mechanical Engineering and "Numerical Thermo-Fluid Dynamics + Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics” (Termofluidodinamica numerica + Fluidodinamica numerica applicata alle macchine e ai sistemi energetici) of the Master Degree in Mechanical Engineering.
Course programme
- The course is organized in 60 hours of both classroom lectures and tutorials. The main topics discussed during the course are:
1) Equations of motion. Definitions of circulation and curl of the velocity vector. Physical significance of irrotational motion. Velocity potential function. Radial equilibrium equation. Vortex energy equation. Free vortex condition. (5 hours)
2) Definition of: perfect gas, velocity of sound and Mach number. Definition of: static and total enthalpy, temperature and density. Hypothesis of incompressibility. (2 hours)
3) Loss mechanisms and loss accounting: loss coefficients. Boundary layer, boundary layer losses, boundary layer thicknesses. Performance, losses and separation phenomena of diffusers. Sudden expansion losses. Averaging procedures in non-uniform flows. Mixing losses. (6 hours)
4) Pressure field created by a moving point disturbance. The Mach angle. Isentropic expansion and compression in a supersonic flow. Formation of shock waves. Normal and oblique shock waves. Reflection and intersection of shock waves. (6 hours)
5) Equations of steady one-dimensional compressible flow of a perfect gas in a duct. Isentropic flow in a duct of varying area. Corrected mass flow rate as a function of expansion ratio and Mach number. Flow regimes for a converging-diverging nozzle . Irreversible adiabatic flow in a duct of varying area. Flow through two fixed nozzles in series and through two nozzles in series, a fixed one and a moving one. (8 hours)
6) Aerodynamic of wing sections; influence of Mach number, aspect ratio and thickness-to-chord ratio; aerodynamic theory; overlapping of aerodynamic effects; NACA wing sections. Blade cascade performance; evaluation of cascade effect. (15 hours)
7) Use of a commercial CFD software for the numerical solution of fluid dynamic problems encountered during the course. (18 hours). Didactic methods
- The course is organized as follow:
• lectures (42 hours);
• tutorials (18 hours), during which a commercial CFD software will be used for the numerical solution of fluid dynamic problems encountered during the course. Learning assessment procedures
- The examination aims to check the level of achievement of training goals.
The exam usually, consists in:
• two questions on the topics discussed in the course;
• presentation and discussion of the fluid dynamic problems addressed by using the CFD software.
For passing the exam the candidate must prove to have the basic knowledge on all the subjects of the course; the gradation of the positive score from 18 to 30 depends on the deepening and rigor that the candidate proves on the knowledge of the topics discussed in the course and on clarity and rigor that the candidate proves during the presentation and discussion of the fluid dynamic problems addressed by using the CFD software. Reference texts
- Recommended texts
- Greitzer E.M., Tan C.S., Graf M.B. - Internal Flow - Cambridge University Press, 2006.
- Sandrolini S., Naldi G. - Macchine 1. Fluidodinamica e termodinamica delle turbomacchine - Pitagora, 1997.
- Shapiro A.H. - The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow, Vol. I & II - John Wiley &Sons, 1953.
Consultation texts
- Abbott I.H.,Von Doenhoff A.E. - Theory of Wing Sections - Dover Publications, 1959.
- Bettocchi R. - Turbomacchine - Pitagora Ed., Bologna, 1994.
- Cohen H., Rogers G.F.C., Saravanamuttoo H.I.H. - Gas Turbine Theory - Longman, 1996.
- Csanady G.T. - Theory of Turbomachines - McGraw Hill, 1964.
- Denton J.D. - Loss Mechanisms in Turbomachines - ASME Journal of Turbomachinery, Vol 115, pp. 621-656, 1993.
- Dixon S.D. - Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery - Elsevier, 2010.
- Mattioli E. - Aerodinamica - Levrotto & Bella; 3 ed., 1994.
- Pope A. - Wind Tunnel Testing - John Wiley & Sons, 1954.
- Sandrolini S., Borghi M., Naldi, G. - Turbomacchine termiche. Turbine - Pitagora, 1992.
- Sandrolini S., Naldi G. - Macchine 2. Le turbomacchine motrici e operatrici - Pitagora, 1998.
- Riegels F.W. - Aerofoil Sections - Butterworths, 1961.
Other teaching material
http://www.unife.it/ing/lm.meccanica/insegnamenti/fluidodinamica-delle-macchine
