ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2022/2023
- Teacher
- ANNALISA MARCUZZI
- Credits
- 12
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
Training objectives
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Modulo: 26835 - ISTOLOGIA
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The course of Anatomy and Histology consists of two modules.
The Histology module aims to provide theoretical knowledge, tools and skills to recognize the microscopic structure and distribution of tissues in the human body, their main morpho-functional features, their cellular organization and the mechanisms of histogenesis. Furthermore, the module aims to provide the student with the fundamental concepts of embryonic development and differentiation.
Knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the course the student will:
- know the main histological techniques;
- know the features and distribution of tissues in the body, correlate cell and tissue morphology with their functional activity;
- acquire histological and embryological terminology;
- know the basic molecular mechanisms of histogenesis (proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis);
- understand the main processes of embryonic development and tissue differentiation.
Applying knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the course the student will have developed the ability to:
- recognize the tissues, on the basis of their morphology and structural organization through the various histological techniques.
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Modulo: 62916 - ANATOMIA
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The course of Anatomy and Histology consists of two modules.
The Anatomy module aims to give to the student the knowledge of clinically oriented anatomy, in an overall view that includes organs and apparatuses and loco-regional relationships.
Knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the course the student will:
- know contents related to the regions of the splanchocranium, neck, thorax, spine-vertebral column, abdomen and pelvis, with particular reference to descriptive and systematic anatomy (shape, position, relationships)
Applying knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the course the student will have developed the ability to:
- recognize, describe and analyze the organ or apparatus within the region in which it is located. Prerequisites
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Modulo: 26835 - ISTOLOGIA
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HISTOLOGY MODULE
Basic knowledge of chemistry and biology
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Modulo: 62916 - ANATOMIA
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ANATOMY MODULE
Specific prerequisites not needed.
Useful knowledge of basic notions of biology. Course programme
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Modulo: 26835 - ISTOLOGIA
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HISTOLOGY
Methods and tools of investigation for the observation of cells and tissues.
EPITHELIAL TISSUE: features and classification. Lining epithelia: classification and morpho-functional aspects. Membrane specializations. Intercellular junction systems. Secreting epithelia: general properties of exocrine and endocrine glands.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE: molecular features and functions of the extracellular matrix: composition, structure, rearrangement. Cell-matrix adhesion. Basal membranes. Embryonic connective tissue or mesenchyme. Connective tissue cells. Connective tissues as such: loose and dense fibrillar connective tissue, reticular connective tissue, adipose tissue. Morpho-functional characteristics of hyaline, fibrous and elastic cartilage. Histogenesis of cartilage. Morpho-functional characteristics of bone tissue: non-laminar and lamellar bone tissue. Ossification. Generalities and functions of blood and its components: cells and plasma. Functional aspects. Mechanisms of hematopoiesis. Lymphoid tissue: bone marrow.
MUSCLE TISSUE: classification. Characteristics of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissue. Mechanism of muscle contraction. Neuromuscular junctions.
NERVOUS TISSUE: cell populations (neurons and glial cells). Description of the chemical and electrical synapses.
EMBRYOLOGY: Gametogenesis. Fertilization and implantation. Totipotency. Stem cells. Segmentation. Gastrulation and formation of the three germ layers.
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Modulo: 62916 - ANATOMIA
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ANATOMY
GENERALITIES: references planes and section. Anatomical position. Body regions and body cavity. Skeletal system: generality of bones and joints. Muscular system: generalities of muscles, tendons and aponeuroses.
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM: general and specific characteristics of the vertebrae. Joints and ligaments of the vertebra. Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. Movements and curvatures of the vertebral column. Relationship with spinal cord and meninges.
CHEST: skeleton, joints, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles (thoracoappendicular muscles). Back muscles. Thoracic diaphragm and movements of the chest wall (mechanics of breathing).
PELVIS: pelvis bones, abdominal wall muscles.
CRANIUM: generality of neurocranium and splanchnocranium.
INTRODUCTION TO SPLANCNOLOGY: generality.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: upper and lower tracts, lungs. Pleura.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: heart and pericardium. Arterial system and venous system (pulmonary and systemic circulation). Aorta and its branches Inferior and superior vena cava. Azygos vein system.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: generality.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine. Liver, pancreas, gallbladder. Peritoneum, meso and oments.
URINARY SYSTEM: kidneys, renal lodge, ureters, bladder, urethra.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:
Female: uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries; external genital organs.
Male: testis, epididymis, vas deferens, spermatic cord, prostate and other accessory glands; external genital organs.
Pelvic floor and perineum (male and female). Didactic methods
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Modulo: 26835 - ISTOLOGIA
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The Histology module provides 48 hours of frontal teaching.
The teaching will be performed at the presence of the students and selected topics will be further addressed through methods defined in accordance with the training objectives.
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Modulo: 62916 - ANATOMIA
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The Anatomy module provides 48 hours of frontal teaching
The lessons will be provided at the presence modality (and streaming lessons) and selected topics will be further addressed through methods defined in accordance with the training objectives. Learning assessment procedures
- The learning verification will be carried out by a written exam, lasting 40 minutes, without the use of notes or books or personal multimedia support, in the presence of the teachers. The test will be formulated with multiple-choice questions (5 multiple-choice) relating to all the educational goals. No penalty for wrong answers or not given.
The questions relating to the Histology module will be prepared in order to verify the knowledge acquired about the organization and the characteristics of the tissues and about the main stages that lead to the development of tissues, also with the use of histological images.
The questions of the Anatomy module will be prepared in order to verify the anatomical knowledge acquired by the student from a systematic point of view. Some questions may include also images.
For both modules, a minimum score of 18 out of 30 will be required to pass the exam. The maximum grade, equal to 30 cum laude, is obtained by those who, answering the questions correctly, will reach 95% of the maximum score; the minimum grade, equal to 18, is obtained by those who, answering 18 questions correctly, will reach 60% of the maximum score.
The questions have the same weight.
The final grade will derive from an arithmetical average of the Histology and Anatomy modules. Reference texts
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Modulo: 26835 - ISTOLOGIA
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HISTOLOGY
Text (choose one):
Monesi, Istologia, Piccin Ed.
Mescher A.L, Junqueira Istologia, Testo e Atlante, Piccin Ed.
Dalle Donne I et al., Istologia ed elementi di anatomia microscopica, EdiSES Ed.
Atlas (choose one):
J.B. Kerr, Atlante di Istologia funzionale, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.
Atlante di istologia. Con correlazioni funzionali e cliniche. Dongmei Cui. Piccin Ed.
EMBRIOLOGY
Text (choose one):
De Felici et al., Embriologia Umana, Piccin Ed.
Barbieri M., Carinci P., Embriologia, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.
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Modulo: 62916 - ANATOMIA
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ANATOMY
Text (choose one):
Barbatelli G. et al. Anatomia Umana Fondamenti con istituzioni di istologia, Edi-Ermes.
Tortora GJ et al., Principi di anatomia umana, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.
Atlas (choose one):
A. M. Gilroy, B. R. MacPherson. Atlante di Anatomia – Prometheus, EdiSES.
