ANATOMY, HISTOLOGY, BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2021/2022
- Teacher
- REBECCA VOLTAN
- Credits
- 7
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
Training objectives
- HUMAN ANATOMY
The principal goal of this course is the acquisition of a basic anatomical knowledge to understand the functions of the human body in health condition. In particular the course will permit the acquisition of knowledge about the mechanisms that allow individual cells, tissues and organs to perform their specific functions within the human organism by the identification of the different components in the systems and the establishment of their physical and functional relationships. Therefore, at the end of the course the student will be able to recall the basic concepts to discuss the correlations between the structures of the human body and its functions. The students will also acquire the necessary basic medical terminology for the professional opportunities provided by the degree course.
HISTOLOGY
The course aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the structures, organizations and functions of cell and tissue within human body. At the end of the course, the student will be able to describe microscopic structure of cells from different tissues and to correlate them with physiological functions. Furthermore, the student will acquire and use histological terminology as a basis for the critical interpretation of the histology’s observations and knowledge.
APPLIED BIOLOGY
Know the main functions of the cell and the mechanisms related to the preservation, expression and transmission of genetic information. Know the different biology approaches and techniques applied to diagnostic and scientific laboratories.
MEDICAL GENETICS
To provide basic knowledge of formal, human and medical genetics. Use of genetics principles for studying the hereditary diseases. Prerequisites
- Basic biology, physics and statistics.
Course programme
- HUMAN ANATOMY UNIT
General architecture of the human body: cells, tissues, organs, systems.
Tegumentary system: the skin.
Cardiovascular system: heart, blood vessels and blood circulation.
Lymphatic system: lymph, lymphoid organs, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic circulation.
Respiratory system: respiratory tract, lungs and respiratory meccanica.
Digestive system: oral cavity, alimentary canal, and related glands (salivary glands, liver and pancreas).
Urinary system: kidney, urinary tract.
Skeletal system: calls of bone tissue, axial and appendicular skeleton, joints.
Nervous system: calls of nervous tissue, spinal cord and brief notes to the spinal nerves; general architecture of the brain.
SPECIAL ANATOMY
LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS
Generality and functions of the skeletal and muscular skeletal systems
General on the bones: general terminology, morphological classification, structure and functions.
General on the joints: Fibrus joints; Cartilaginous joints and Synovial joints (classification, structure and movements).
Generalities on muscles: general terminology, morphological and functional.
Accessory organs of muscles and tendons: bands, sheaths, bags
Structure of tendons and aponeurosis.
Trunk
- Spine: Skeleton of the spine and their joints. The muscles of the spine.
- Neck Wall: Neck muscles. Bands of the neck.
- Thorax Wall: Skeleton of the chest and its organizational structure. Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles; muscle Diaphragm. Respiratory Mechanics.
- Abdomen Wall: Abdominal muscles and related bands.
- Pelvis: Skeleton of the pelvis. Pelvic wall and pelvic diaphragm.
Upper limb
Skeleton of the upper limb and associated joints. Muscles of the upper limb. Morphofunctional aspects of of the upper limb.
Lower Limb
Skeleton of the lower limb and associated joints. Muscles of the lower limb. Morphofunctional aspects of the lower limb.
Nervous System: Outline development of the central and peripheral nervous system. Central and peripheral nervous system; Functional classification: the somatic nervous system and autonomic / Ortho and parasympathetic.
Spinal cord: general organization and reflexes activated in the spinal cord. Spinal nerves and plexuses
Innervation of the walls of the trunk and limbs.
HISTOLOGY UNIT
Histology: Methods of analysis and observation of cells and tissues.
- The Cell: Plasma Membrane, Organelles, Cytoskeleton and Nucleus.
- Epithelia. Characteristics of epithelial tissues. Membrane specializations: apical, lateral and basal surface differentiations. Surface epithelia. Glandular epithelia.
-Connective tissue. The extracellular matrix. Cellular components of Connective tissues. Types of connective tissue: connective tissue proper, reticular tissue and adipose tissue. Characteristics of cartilage tissue: hyaline, elastic and fibrous cartilage. Cartilage histogenesis. Bone tissue: bone cells and extracellular matrix. Lamellar and nonlamellar bone tissues. Histogenesis, remodeling and repair of the bone. Blood: plasma and corpuscular elements. Hemopoiesis. Bone marrow.
- Nervous Tissue: Neurons and glial cells. Conduction of nerve impulse. Synapses.
- Muscle Tissue. Skeletal striated muscle. Cardiac striated muscle. Smooth muscle. Muscle contraction. Didactic methods
- Lectures.
The course of human anatomy is organized as lectures (24 hours) using the following teaching supports: Power Point presentations and anatomical models of human body parts and human organs.
MEDICAL GENETICS
Lessons and practical exercises. Learning assessment procedures
- HUMAN ANATOMY UNIT
The exam is written and it consists of 33 multiple choice questions that cover all topics of the program. Each question has 5 answers of which only one is correct. Each correct answer has a value of 1 point. Answer left blank or wrong has a value of 0 point. The exam duration is 40 minutes.
To pass the exam the student must obtain a minimum score of 18. If the score is less than 18, the student must repeat the test.
HISTOLOGY UNIT
The exam consists of 32 multiple-choice questions (with 4 options per question). Each correct answer gives 1 point; wrong answers or unanswered questions correspond to 0 points; Exam duration: 40 minutes. Minimum score to pass the test: 18 correct answers.
APPLIED BIOLOGY
The oral or written exams will be conducted online or in presence according to the University's indications and guidelines. The test includes a written test consisting of 31 questions, some of which with a closed answer and some open-ended. For each correct answer 1 point. Verification with 31 positive responses on / 31 total, provides a score of 30/30 and laud. The written test lasts 45 minutes. The oral exam will consist of 3 open questions on the topics presented in class.
MEDICAL GENETICS
The aim of the examination is to test the level of achievement of the previously mentioned educational goals. The exam consists of a written test including 11 open-ended questions, covering the main subjects of the module program, and corresponding to medical genetic problems and definitions. The estimated time for the test is 90 minutes. To each question a score of 3 points is assigned. The overall score is normalized to 30.
THE FINAL GRADE IS A WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF THE MARKS OBTAINED IN EACH TESTS. Reference texts
- HUMAN ANATOMY
One of the following texts together with an atlas of Human Anatomy (at the student's choice):
Martini, Anatomia Umana, EdiSES
Saladin, Anatomia Umana, Piccin
Ambrosi, Anatomia dell’uomo, Edi-Ermes
Tortora, Principi di Anatomia Umana, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
McKinley, Anatomia Umana, Piccin
Marieb, Elementi di anatomia e fisiologia dell’uomo, Zanichelli
Hansen JT, NETTER’S Anatomia da colorare, Piccin
HISTOLOGY
Teaching materials provided by the teacher.
S. Adamo, N. Bernardini, C. Boitani, L. Bonsi, M. Bouché, P. Brun, R. Canipari, R. Castriconi, P. Castrogiovanni, C. Ciccarelli, L. De Angelis, A. D’alessio, P. De Cesaris, M. De Felici, M. De Mattei, V. Desiderio, M. Di Rosa, A. Dolfi, S. Dupont, F. Fazi, A. Filippini, N. Gagliano, M. Grano, R. Imbesi, E. Marcenaro, A. Musarò, C. Nervi, G.P. Papaccio, G. Ricci, A. Riccioli, A. Salustri, B.M. Scicchitano, S. Sivori, V. Tirino, E. Vicini, D. Virgintino, E. Ziparo. Elementi di istologia e cenni di embriologia, Ed. Piccin, Padova
Anthony L. Mescher - Junqueira - Istologia Testo e Atlante, Ed. Piccin, Padova
S. Beninati, P. Bonfanti, P. Cancemi, A.E. Colombo, I. Dalle Donne, M. De Falco, M. Maisano, A. Milzani, M. Paolucci, S. Spiga, E. Tongiorgi, F. Vanzi. Istologia con elementi di Anatomia Microscopica. Ed. EdiSES
APPLIED BIOLOGY
Teacher's handouts accompanied by textbooks:
-De Leo, Fasano, Ginelli, Biologia e Genetica, Edizione EdiSES
-Solomom, Berg, Martin, Elementi di Biologia, Edizione EdiSES
-Stefani e Taddei, Chimica Biochimica e Biologia Applicata, Ed. Zanichelli
MEDICAL GENETICS
Teacher’s handouts.
Clementi M. (2016), Elementi di genetica medica, EdiSES
Cummings M.R. (2014), Eredità. Principi e problematiche della genetica umana. EdiSES, Napoli, Italia.
Neri G. & Genuardi M. (2014), Genetica umana e medica, Masson, Elsevier Ed.
