MICROBIOLOGY, HYGIENE AND RADIOPROTECTION
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2021/2022
- Teacher
- MELCHIORE GIGANTI
- Credits
- 8
- Didactic period
- Secondo Semestre
Training objectives
- MICROBIOLOGY and LABORATORY III
The course is the only on Microbiology and teaches the basic elements of this matter.
The main objective of the course is to provide students with the basics on the biology and metabolism of bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa such as to give the learner the critical capacity to distinguish pathogens from those that belong to the resident microbial flora.
The main knowledge gained will be:
•Bacteriology: organization of the bacterial cell. Metabolism and bacterial genetics. Mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial agents: sterilization, disinfection and antibacterial drugs. Vaccines. Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial infections. The infectious diseases: generalities and opportunistic bacterial infections and nosocomial transmission.
•Virology: Structure and classification of viruses. Strategies of viral replication. Cultivation of viruses. Mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. Antiviral agents. Diagnosis of viral diseases. Notes on some viruses of great importance in the pathogenesis of human.
•Mycology: Characteristics and organization of fungi. Notes on some fungi of importance in the pathogenesis of human.
•Parasitology: Prokaryotic pests. Notes on some pests of major importance in the pathogenesis of human.
The main skills (the ability acquired) will be:
•learn about the biology and metabolic bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa;
•be able to distinguish pathogenic microorganisms from those that belong to the resident microbial flora;
•be able to understand the Microbiological tests provided by an accredited laboratory;
•acquire competence in bacteriological analysis of food.
GENERAL AND APPLIED HYGIENE and HYGIENE METHODS
Knowledge of hygiene with particular focus on causes, consequences and prevention of microbial contamination of food.
IMAGING AND RADIOPROTECTION
•Knowledge and understanding: Knowledge of physics in ionizing radiation both electromagnetic and corpuscolate; radiation interaction with matter, in particular with living matter. Order of size, units of measure and detectors.
•Applying knowledge and understanding: Knowledge of fundamental principles of radiation protection, and the effects of ionizing radiation on the living. Skills in protection of workers, patients and population from harmful effects of ionizing radiations. Knowledge of national and European regulation concerning radiation protection.
•Making judgements: critical knowledge of professional operating conditions in presence of ionizing radiation, related to protection of workers, patients and population. Ability to detect and evaluate operational risk in presence of ionizing radiation.
•Communication skills: Knowledge of safety signs. ability of relating with the competent authorities and the emergency staff consciously and with appropriate terminology.
•Learning skills: knowledge of the access and consultation modalities to scientific data base and regulation in ionizing radiation protection field. Prerequisites
- MICROBIOLOGY and LABORATORY III
You must have acquired and assimilated the following knowledge provided by the courses of Physics, Anatomy, histology, genetic biology, Chemistry and Biochemistry:
principles of microscopic anatomy;
elements of inorganic, organic and biological;
elements of biology and genetics.
GENERAL AND APPLIED HYGIENE and HYGIENE METHODS
Main issues of anatomy and microbiology.
IMAGING AND RADIOPROTECTION
Knowledge of the basic in Radiation Physics and interaction with matter. Knowledge of eukaryote cell biology, especially the cellular cycle. Course programme
- MICROBIOLOGY
The course includes 36 hours of lectures.
General bacteriology: Gram + and Gram-; growth requirements (3 hours) and bacterial spores bacterial reproduction (3 hours), Bacterial infection, Toxins (2 hours), Aggressine, adhesins (3 hours), Antibiotics, Laboratory tests (4 hours), Food Bacteriology (2 hours).
Virology: General Classification (2 hours), Antiviral therapies (4 hours), Defense mechanisms, replication, pathogenesis (3 hours), Virus culture (1 hour), Special Virology (3 hours).
Mycology (3 hours).
Parasitology (3 hours).
General and applied hygiene and Hygiene methods
Principles of hygiene and preventive medicine. Chemical contamination of foodstuffs. Microbial contamination of food: condition for survival and multiplication of microorganisms in foodstuffs. Epidemiology and prevention of main food-borne toxinfections: caused by Salmonella, by Clostridium botulinum, by Staphylococcus aureus. Count and isolation of microorganisms from foodstuffs. Slide preparation from plate bacterial cultures, Gram’s stain, microscope observation.
Food security. HACCP. The official control of foodstuffs. Prevention of foodborne diseases.
IMAGING AND RADIOPROTECTION
Radioactivity and Ionizing radiation.
Atomic nucleus, Nuclear decay.
Interactions of ionizing radiation with matter.
Measuring radioactivity.
Order of size and units of measure.
Radiobiology basics.
Potential damages in livings.
Deterministic and stochastic damages of ionizing radiations.
Fundamental principles of radiation protection.
National and European regulation concerning ionizing radiation protection.
Laboratory iii
The course includes 25 hours of guided exercises in the laboratory:
Bacteriology: Gram stain, bacterial seeding (5 hours).
Bacteriology: API Galleries (8 hours).
Bacteriology: bacterial growth curve: (7 hours).
Bacteriology: Susceptibility (5 hours). Didactic methods
- MICROBIOLOGY
The course is organized as follows: lectures on all subjects of the course.
GENERAL AND APPLIED HYGIENE and HYGIENE METHODS
Lectures.
IMAGING AND RADIOPROTECTION
Lectures, and case simulation of potential risk situations for patients, workers and population.
LABORATORY
Exercises on Microbiology Laboratory for the acquisition of competence in bacteriological analysis of food. Learning assessment procedures
- MICROBIOLOGY and LABORATORY III
The aim of the examination is to test the level of achievement of learning objectives previously indicated.
The exam is divided into 3 parts that take place on the same day.
A choice test true / false on all the topics covered in the course of Microbiology and laboratories (Each correct answer = 0.5 points; every wrong answer = -0.5; no answer = 0; Total points: 14.
A quiz (multiple choice questions) on the basic concepts of the course of Microbiology and laboratories (Each correct answer = 0.5 points; every wrong answer = -0.5; no answer = 0; Total points: 4).
Open questions on subjects as important of course Microbiology and laboratories (for each correct answer: 1 point (unless specified), no points are taken away for any wrong answers; Total points: 14).
The time for this test is 1 hour. It is not allowed to consult texts or use PCs, smart phones, calculators, ....
The final grade is the sum of the three scores.
To pass the exam you must obtain a minimum score of 18 on 33.
If the total score is less than 18, you must repeat all 3 tests.
GENERAL AND APPLIED HYGIENE and HYGIENE METHODS
The aim is to verify at which level the learning objectives previously described have been acquired. The test consists of a written exam with thirty questions, each with five response options, about the topics covered in class. Each correct answer is worth one point, each wrong answer or no given answer is zero points. The minimum score to pass the exam is 18/30. The student has an hour to answer three questions.
IMAGING AND RADIOPROTECTION
The exam will be held by means of a multiple choice test, with an allocated time of 45 minutes. The questions will be thirty-two, with four answers proposed, of which only one is exact. The questions pertain to the topics carried out during the lectures. The evaluation criteria are: plus 1 point (+ 1) for each single correct answer; minus half point (- 0,5) for each single wrong answer; no point (0) for each single missing answer.
A final score of 31 points or more implies the evaluation "cum laude". These evaluation criteria are reported in the test sheet along with the compilation instructions.
THE FINAL GRADE IS A WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF THE MARKS OBTAINED IN EACH TESTS. Reference texts
- MICROBIOLOGY and LABORATORY III
Notes provided by the teacher.
Specific topics can be explored on the following texts:
Murray P.R., Rosenthal K.S., Kobayashi G.S. (2005), Microbiologia, EdiSES.
La Placa M. (2012), Principi di Microbiologia Medica, Società Editrice Esculapio.
GENERAL AND APPLIED HYGIENE and HYGIENE METHODS
Handouts of teacher supplemented by the following books:
Moroni M., Esposito R., De Lalla F. (1999), Malattie infettive, Masson editore, Milano, Italia.
Galli Volonterio A. (2005), Microbiologia degli alimenti, CEA, Milano, Italia.
Barbuti S., Bellelli E., Fara G.M., Giammanco G. (2013), Igiene e medicina preventiva, Monduzzi editore, Bologna, Italia.
Lanciotti E. (2012), Igiene per le professioni sanitarie, McGraw Hill.
IMAGING AND RADIOPROTECTION
Notes provided by the teacher.
Biagini C. (1999), Radiobiologia e Radioprotezione, Piccin, Padova, Italia.
Marano P. (1999), Diagnostica per immagini, Casa Ed. Ambrosiana, Milano, Italia.
Cittadini G. (2002), Diagnostica per immagini e radioterapia, ECIG, Genova, Italia.
