PATHOLOGY I AND IMMUNOLOGY
Academic year and teacher
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2022/2023
- Teacher
- PAOLO PINTON
- Credits
- 7
- Didactic period
- Secondo Semestre
Training objectives
- The integrated course of Pathology I and Immunology includes the modules of "General pathology and immunology" and of "Technical sciences of laboratory medicine.
In the discussion of some topics of the program, the principles of medical and translational research will be presented.
The integrated course aims to provide the theoretical and practical knowledge and useful tools to prepare the student to: 1) understand the basic reaction of cells and tissues against harmful stimuli; 2) identify the elements that characterize the diseases and alterations of organs and tissues; 3) to correlate morphological pictures with clinical pictures with histology, pathology and clinical examples; 4) understand the etiology (or cause of the disease) as well as the mechanisms of disease evolution (pathogenesis), structural alterations (morphological modifications), functional consequences; 5) understand the development of the natural, humoral and cell-mediated immune response, the adaptive response against infections, the consequences of the overactivity of host defense mechanisms, the pathological basis of allergies and hypersensitivity and autoimmunity 6) the basis for understanding the genetic characteristics of molecules involved in the immune response, transplantation and autoimmune diseases.
At the end of the course the student will know:
- understand the common basis of cell and tissue damage and the relationship between damaged tissue and the immune system;
- will acquire the terminology necessary to describe the primary causes of a pathology and those responsible for its evolution;
- know the molecular processes related to cell death and inflammatory response;
- understand the main processes through which the organism defends itself from damage and implements a response of reparation and resolution of the insults to its own integrity;
- understand the nature and evolution of the main molecules and cells involved in the immune response;
-know the molecular genetic processes underlying the generation of antibody diversity;
- critically analyze the positive and negative effects of the presence of an evolved immune system in influencing the health of the individual;
- evaluate the molecular and immune causes underlying a pathology;
- analyze the pros and cons of the use of so-called antibody-based biological drugs
- recognize the patterns of necrosis and the main immune cells in images and histological preparations
- understand the mechanisms underlying the compatibility/incompatibility of a tissue to be transplanted. Prerequisites
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Modulo: 28127 - PATOLOGIA GENERALE ED IMMUNOLOGIA
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Biochemistry, physiology, knowledge of the anatomo-histologic bases and of the patho-physiologic
mechanisms of human system
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Modulo: 28129 - SCIENZE TECNICHE DI MEDICINA DI LABORATORIO
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Biochemistry, physiology, knowledge of the anatomo-histologic bases and of the patho-physiologic mechanisms of human system Course programme
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Modulo: 28127 - PATOLOGIA GENERALE ED IMMUNOLOGIA
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GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Etiology and pathogenesis, Disease agents-chemical, physical and nutritional agents.
Cellular pathology. Cell death processes: necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy
Exotoxins: mechanism of action of bacterial toxins (tetanus, botulinum, cholera, pertussis, diphtheria).
Acute inflammation, chronic inflammation and wound repair.
Molecular pathology: muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis.
IMMUNOLOGY
Innate immunity and adaptive immunity. The main components of innate immunity: chemical-physical barriers, receptors and molecules that mediate the responses of natural immunity. Opsonins. Toll-like receptors. Signal pathways activated by TLRs.
Main proinflammatory cytokines: IL1 and TNFalpha, their receptors and control systems, outline of the pathogenesis of septic shock and the use of molecules that interfere with IL1 and TNF signals in therapy.
adaptive immunity. Humoral and cell-mediated immunity. B lymphocytes and antibodies. Structure and function of antibodies of different classes. The complement and its function in the immune response. T lymphocytes. TCR structure and function TCR-MHC interaction. Clonal selection of T lymphocytes in the thymus and B lymphocytes in the bone marrow. Biological basis of tolerance. T helper lymphocytes differentiation and function of the various subclasses. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the immune response.
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) Role of dendritic cells in T lymphocyte activation. Maturation of antibody affinity. Immunological memory. Hypersensitivity. Allergic responses, antibody-mediated hypersensitivity outlines of transfusion-related and autoimmune hemolytic anemias, myasthenia gravis and Graves' disease. Immune complex hypersensitivity (serum sickness, hints of systemic lupus erythematosus), cell-mediated hypersensitivity (reaction to heavy metals, nettle venom, hints of rheumatoid arthritis). Antitumor immune response, role of immunosuppressive cells in tumor pathogenesis. Use of antibodies as drugs, monoclonal antibodies and humanized antibodies.
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Modulo: 28129 - SCIENZE TECNICHE DI MEDICINA DI LABORATORIO
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TECHNICAL SCIENCES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
Wound healing and Tissue repair, coagulation during wound healing, inflammation in tissue repair, the action of magrophages, cytokines involved in the tissue repair process, angiogenesis, the role of stem cells in the tissue repair process, granulation tissue, epithelial stem cells, extracellular matrix remodeling, wounds, hypertrophic wounds, type of wound healing, biomaterials and innovative techniques in tissue regeneration processes. Didactic methods
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Modulo: 28127 - PATOLOGIA GENERALE ED IMMUNOLOGIA
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The course provides frontal lectures and online assisted teaching. The on-line teaching hours of moodle platform certification service consist in the deepening of some topics presented during the frontal lessons.
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Modulo: 28129 - SCIENZE TECNICHE DI MEDICINA DI LABORATORIO
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The course provides frontal lectures and online assisted teaching. The on-line teaching hours of moodle platform certification service consist in the deepening of some topics presented during the frontal lessons. Learning assessment procedures
- The learning verification will be carried out by a written exam consisting in 36 questions for a total duration of 35 minutes, without the use of notes or books, in the presence of the teacher. The questions will be formulated with multiple choice questions (at least 4 options for each question) relating to all the educational objectives of the course as defined above.
The exam will evaluate cumulatively the contents of General Pathology, Immunology and Technical sciences of laboratory medicine. The number of questions for each class of content will be calibrated to the number of CFUs. Answers will be awarded 0.5 points for each correct answer, 0 points for each missing answer and -0.5 points for each incorrect answer.
The exam mark is assigned in a scale out of thirty. The minimum to pass the exam is 18, while the maximum mark, 30 cum laude, will be attributed to those who have a score greater than or equal to 32. Reference texts
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Modulo: 28127 - PATOLOGIA GENERALE ED IMMUNOLOGIA
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GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Rubin et al., General Pathology. Organ and molecular pathology, Piccin Ed.
Robbins and Cotran, The pathological basis of disease, Elsevier
Pontieri, Russo, General Pathology, Piccin Ed.
Roitt-Brostoff-Male: Immunology, sixth edition Mosby
Abbas-S, Lichtman, Cellular and Molecular Immunology-6th edition Elsevier masson
C.A Janeway, P.Travers,M.Walport, M. Shlomchik, Immunobiology V Churchill Livingstone, UK
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Modulo: 28129 - SCIENZE TECNICHE DI MEDICINA DI LABORATORIO
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TECHNICAL SCIENCES OF LABORATORY MEDICINE
Specific topics can be explored in the following texts.
Robbins and Cotran, Le basi patologiche delle malattie, Elsevier
Janeway C.A, Travers P., Walport M., Shlomchik M., Immunobiology, Churchill Livingstone, UK
