Salta ai contenuti. | Salta alla navigazione

Strumenti personali

HISTOLOGY AND ANATOMY I

Academic year and teacher
If you can't find the course description that you're looking for in the above list, please see the following instructions >>
Versione italiana
Academic year
2022/2023
Teacher
LUCA MARIA NERI
Credits
16
Didactic period
Primo Semestre

Training objectives

The integrated teaching of Histology and Anatomy I includes the modules of Human Anatomy I and of Histology and Embryology.
The course aims to provide clinically oriented notions of anatomy, in an overall vision that includes organs and systems and loco-regional relationships and theoretical and practical notions and useful tools for recognizing the distribution of tissues in the human body, their main structural and functional characteristics, their cellular organization and the events underlying the processes of embryonic development.

Some topics will be updated according to the sex/gender approach.

Didactic approaches aimed at improving relational skills will be considered.

At the end of the course, students should be able to:

in terms of knowledge:
recall the main stages that lead to the development of the systems and of the human organism;
know the contents related to the regions of the splanchnocranium, neck, thorax, spine, abdomen and bony pelvis;
know the main histological techniques;
know the distribution of tissues in the body, correlate cellular activities and the structural and ultrastructural organization of cells and tissues to their main functional activities;
acquire histological and embryological terminology as a basis for a definition and critical interpretation of morphological knowledge;
know the molecular processes of cell proliferation, induction and differentiation, morphogenesis;
understand the main processes through which tissue organization takes place during embryonic development and differentiation;

In terms of skills:
recognize, describe and analyze the organ or apparatus within the region in which it is located, and analyze simple clinical cases oriented to anatomy;
recognize the tissues, on the basis of their organization through the common techniques of microscopic observation;
identify the main clinical correlations deriving from morphogenetic and histogenetic alterations of development.

Prerequisites

------------------------------------------------------------
Modulo: 013281 - ISTOLOGIA ED EMBRIOLOGIA
------------------------------------------------------------
Basic knowledge of chemistry and biology

------------------------------------------------------------
Modulo: 019553 - ANATOMIA UMANA I
------------------------------------------------------------
Specific prerequisites not needed.
Useful knowledge of basic notions of biology.

Course programme

------------------------------------------------------------
Modulo: 013281 - ISTOLOGIA ED EMBRIOLOGIA
------------------------------------------------------------
Methods and tools of investigation for the observation of cells, tissues.

Epithelial tissue. Characteristics and classification of lining epithelia. Membrane specializations. Intercellular junction systems. General properties of exocrine and endocrine glands. Exocrin glands classification.

Connective tissue. Molecular composition and functions of the extracellular matrix. Cell matrix adhesion. Basal membranes. Cellular component. Characteristics of connective tissues as such: mesenchyme, loose and dense fibrillar connective tissue, reticular connective tissue, adipose tissue. Characteristics of hyaline, fibrous and elastic cartilage. Histogenesis of cartilage. Characteristics of bone tissue: non-laminar and lamellar bone tissue. Ossification. Generalities and functions of blood and its components. Hematopoiesis.

Muscle tissue. Characteristics of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissue. Mechanisms of muscle contraction. Neuromuscular junctions.

Nervous tissue. Characteristics of nervous tissue, neurons and glial cells. Description of chemical and electrical synapses.

Embryology: Ovulation and spermatogenesis. Fertilization and implantation. Events of the first four weeks of embryonic development. Germinal disc formation. Development of the following apparatuses: digestive, cardiovascular, urinary, genital, integumentary, nervous, skeletal and muscular. Development of face structures.

------------------------------------------------------------
Modulo: 019553 - ANATOMIA UMANA I
------------------------------------------------------------
The contents listed below do not pre-define a predetermined sequence, which may therefore be varied by the teachers during the semester according to the most appropriate methods for the students of the specific year of the course.

SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY
GENERALITIES: references planes and section. Anatomical position. Body regions and body cavity. Skeletal system: generality of bones and joints. Muscular system: generalities of muscles, tendons and aponeuroses.
SPINE: general and specific characteristics of the vertebrae. Joints and ligaments of the vertebra. Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. Movements and curvatures of the vertebral column. Relationship with spinal cord and meninges.
CRANIUM: splanchnocranium.

CHEST: skeleton, joints, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles (thoracoappendicular muscles). Back muscles. Thoracic diaphragm and movements of the chest wall (mechanics of breathing).
PELVIS: pelvis bones, abdominal wall muscles.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: upper and lower tracts, lungs. Pleura.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: heart and pericardium. Arterial system and venous system (pulmonary and systemic circulation). Aorta and its branches Inferior and superior vena cava. Azygos vein system.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: generality.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine. Liver, pancreas, gallbladder. Peritoneum, meso and oments.
URINARY SYSTEM: kidneys, renal lodge and contents, ureters, bladder, urethra. Adrenal glands.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM:
Female: uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries; external genital organs.
Male: testis, epididymis, Vas deferens, spermatic cord, prostate and other accessory glands; external genital organs.
Pelvic floor and perineum (male and female).

TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY CLASSES (WITH CLINICAL OVERVIEW)
Head and neck: nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, tonsils, oral cavity, chewing, swallowing. Bands (fascia), muscles, neck triangles. Cervical plexus, phrenic nerve, cervical sympathetic. Vessels and viscera of the neck.

Trunk: subdivisions and content of mediastinum. Cardiac and pulmonary plexus, chest sympathetic. Fetal circulation. Mammary gland, polimastia. Lymphatic chains and thoracic duct. Ossification of the vertebrae. Vertebral column vessels. Abdominal quadrants. Development of digestive tract, abdominal cavity organization and abdominal vascular planes. Vena cava anastomosis. Peritoneal recesses, spleen, retroperitoneal compartment. Varicocele. Portal vein circle and anastomosis with vena cava. Inguinal canal and contents.
Urinary and fecal continence.

Didactic methods

------------------------------------------------------------
Modulo: 013281 - ISTOLOGIA ED EMBRIOLOGIA
------------------------------------------------------------
The course provides frontal lectures and online assisted teaching. The on-line teaching hours of moodle platform certification service consist in the deepening of some topics presented during the frontal lessons.

The teaching activity is also integrated by practical activity which consists of histological observations under an optical microscope provided to groups of students.

The face-to-face teaching will be accompanied by online teaching support tools (video lessons) to improve the settling down of freshmen off-site or for progressive and late enrolments.

------------------------------------------------------------
Modulo: 019553 - ANATOMIA UMANA I
------------------------------------------------------------
The course provides frontal lectures and online assisted teaching. The on-line teaching hours of moodle platform certification service consist in the deepening of some topics presented during the frontal lessons.

Lectures, presentation of clinical cases using a problem solving method, practical exercises on anatomical models and on fresh and formalin-fixed anatomical pieces.

The face-to-face teaching will be accompanied by online teaching support tools (video lessons) to improve the settling down of freshmen off-site or for progressive and late enrolments.

Learning assessment procedures

The learning verification will be carried out by a written exam without the use of notes or books, in the presence of the teacher. The questions will be formulated with multiple choice questions (5 options), even with the use of images, relating to all the educational objectives of the course defined above.
The questions will be prepared in order to ascertain the knowledge of Histology and Embryology (40 questions in 40 minutes) and Human Anatomy (40 questions in 60 minutes).
In verifying knowledge of Histology and Embryology will be included a part of recognition of histological preparations by means of images, which will be a necessary requirement for passing the exam. The student will have to identify at least two of the three histological images in order to access further questions designed to test knowledge of the organization and characteristics of tissues and the main stages leading to the development of tissues and apparatuses of the human organism.
The questions related to the Human Anatomy module will be prepared, some also with images, in order to verify the anatomical knowledge acquired by the student from a systematic and topographical point of view, in some cases also with simple clinical references treated in the lecture.
The questions could have a different weight based on the complexity of the question that is verified. No penalty for wrong or not given answers. For both modules, a minimum mark of 18 out of 30 will be required to pass the examination. The minimum mark of 18 is achieved by those who, by answering the questions correctly, reach 60% of the maximum mark. The maximum mark of 30 cum laude is achieved by those who, by answering the questions correctly, reach 95% of the maximum mark. The final mark will be derived from a weighted average of the marks for the Histology and Embryology and Anatomy modules.

Reference texts

------------------------------------------------------------
Modulo: 013281 - ISTOLOGIA ED EMBRIOLOGIA
------------------------------------------------------------
HISTOLOGY
Text book (1 choice):
Monesi, Istologia, Piccin Ed.
Maraldi and Tacchetti, Istologia Medica, Edi-Ermes.

Atlas (1 choice):
J.B. Kerr, Atlante di Istologia funzionale, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.
Atlante di istologia. Con correlazioni funzionali e cliniche. Dongmei Cui. Piccin Ed.

EMBRYOLOGY
Barbieri M., Carinci P., Embriologia, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.

------------------------------------------------------------
Modulo: 019553 - ANATOMIA UMANA I
------------------------------------------------------------
HUMAN ANATOMY I
Text book (1 choice):
Anastasi G. et al., Trattato di Anatomia Umana, Edi-Ermes.
Waschke J. et al., [Vitale M. (Curatore) et al.] Anatomia Umana, casa editrice EDRA
Standring S. et al., Anatomia del Gray, Casa Editrice EDRA.

Atlas (1 choice):
F.H. Netter, Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Casa Editrice EDRA.
Prometheus, Atlante di Anatomia, Casa Editrice Edises.
Anatomia Umana, Atlante, Anastasi, Gaudio, Tacchetti, Casa Editrice Edi-Ermes.