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HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY

Academic year and teacher
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Versione italiana
Academic year
2018/2019
Teacher
STEFANO VOLINIA
Credits
7
Didactic period
Primo Semestre
SSD
BIO/17

Training objectives

HISTOLOGY
The goal of the course is to enable students acquire the ability and skills necessary for recognizing normal tissue and organ structure and organization, correlate and integrate structure of tissues and organs with physiological and biochemical function, and apply the knowledge and understanding of tissue structure and function to disease processes, pathologies, manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. By understanding the organization of the cells and tissues at microscopic, ultrastructural and molecular level, the morphology of tissues will be studied and understood in the functional context. The students will be able to comprehend the microscopic organization of oro-dental tissues in detail. Critical scientific thinking will be discussed and facilitated.
EMBRYOLOGY
Acquisition of basic knowledge of the processes leading to embryonic development: from cellular proliferation to differentiation and morphogenesis. To provide students with an understanding of human development, as well as the basic molecular concepts related to molecular induction and cell differentiation.

Prerequisites

General knowledge of chemistry and biology

Course programme

HISTOLOGY
Internal organization of the cell. Membrane structure and transport. Intracellular compartments: endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, nucleus. Protein sorting and vesicular trafficking. Energy conversion: the mithocondrion. General principles of cell communication and signal transduction. Cytoskeleton. Cytological and histological features of epithelia, connective tissue, cartilage, bone, muscular and nervous tissue. General properties of exocrine and endocrine glands, histophysiology of cartilage and bone. Blood. Hemopoiesis. Immune systems and lymphoid organs. Digestive tract. Respiratory system. Skin. Urinary system.
Microscopic organization of enamel, dentine, dental pulp, cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, oral mucosa and salivary glands.
EMBRYOLOGY
Prefertilization events. Oogenesis. Spermatogenesis. Fertilization.
Week 1 of human development: blastocyst formation, implantation.
Week 2 of human development: development of the embryoblast, development of the trophoblast, development of the extraembryonic mesoderm.
Embryonic and adult stem cells.
Week 3 of human development: the notochord, the intraembryonic coelom, neurulation.
Week 4 of human development: folding of embryo, somitogenesis, subdivision of mesoderm.
The development of placenta. The formation of umbilical cord. The functions of the placenta.
The foetal development: summary of the main events during the pregnancy.
Development of Teeth: bud, cup and bell stages; development of pulp organ; dentinogenesis; amelogenesis; crown growth and completion; root and supporting structures; dental follicle; cementogenesis.

Didactic methods

Frontal lessons. Students’ seminars on scientific papers regarding recent developments within the course subjects. On-line tutorials on Moodle's Certified Platform, consist of some of the topics discussed in the lesson and indicated by the teacher at the beginning of the course.

Learning assessment procedures

Oral exam: at least 3 questions on the contents of the course of Histology and 2 questions of Embryology, regarding the content of the course, from gametogenesis to the main events of the first four weeks of human development, and the development of teeth. The duration of examination will be about 45 minutes.
Globally, it will be determined whether the student has achieved the goal of knowledge and understanding of the content of the course. Exposure properties, the use of the correct scientific terminology and the ability to connect several topics will be also evaluated.

Reference texts

HISTOLOGY
A Mescher. Junqueira’s basic histology. Lange.
Histology. A text and atlas with correlated cell and molecular biology. Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina. Lippincott Raven. Wolters Kluwer.
EMBRYOLOGY
Barbieri M., Carinci P., Embriologia, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Ten Cate, Oral histology, Ed. Piccin
Thomas W. Sadler, Langman’s Medical Embryology, Ed. Elsevier