HUMAN ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2018/2019
- Teacher
- REBECCA VOLTAN
- Credits
- 7
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
Training objectives
- HUMAN ANATOMY
The principal goal of this course is the acquisition of a basic anatomical knowledge to understand the functions of the human body in health condition. In particular the course will permit the acquisition of knowledge about the mechanisms that allow individual cells, tissues and organs to perform their specific functions within the human organism by the identification of the different components in the systems and the establishment of their physical and functional relationships. Therefore, at the end of the course the student will be able to recall the basic concepts to discuss the correlations between the structures of the human body and its functions. The students will also acquire the necessary basic medical terminology for the professional opportunities provided by the degree course.
SPECIAL ANATOMY
The course is aimed to provide a complete anatomical and functional scheme of structures involved in the production, articulation and sound reception.
HISTOLOGY
The course aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the structure, organization and function of cells and tissues in the human body. At the end of the course, the student should be able to describe microscopic and ultrastructural structure of cells in the different tissues and to correlate them with physiological functions in the tissues. Further, the student has to acquire and use histological terminology as a basis for the critical interpretation of the morphological knowledge. Prerequisites
- Basic elements of biology and statistics. First principles of physics, chemistry and medical biochemistry. Basic knowledge of the cell structure and function.
Course programme
- HUMAN ANATOMY
General architecture of the human body: cells, tissues, organs, systems. Integumentary system: the skin. Cardiovascular system: blood, heart, blood vessels and blood circulation. Lymphatic system: lymph, lymphoid organs, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic circulation. Respiratory system: respiratory tract, lungs and respiratory mechanics. Digestive system: oral cavity, alimentary canal and related glands (salivary glands, liver and pancreas). Urinary system: kidney, urinary tract. Locomotor system: bone, appendicular and axial skeleton. Nervous system: nervous tissue, spinal cord, brain, midbrain, brainstem, cerebellum, basic notions on the peripheral nerves.
SPECIAL ANATOMY
Detailed description of the anatomy of larynx and phonation mechanism. Structure of the oral cavity (lips, tongue, palate). Structure of the pharynx and the swallowing mechanism. Nose, paranasal sinuses and their role in phonation. Structure of external, middle and inner ear. Rib cage, respiratory muscles and their function in the control of phonation. Vessels, innervation and lymphatic drainage of audio-phonatory apparatus. V, VII, VIII, IX, XII cranial nerves and their territory of innervation.
HISTOLOGY
The cell: organization and structure. The cytoskeleton. The protein structure.
Epithelia. Cytological characteristics of epithelia. Specialization of apical, basal and lateral surface. The junctional complex. Gap junction. Surface epithelia: classification, location and function. Glandular epithelia: exocrine and endocrine glands.
Connective Tissue. Structure (extracellular matrix, connective tissue cells), location, function. The cells of connective tissues. Collagen fibers. Elastic fibers. Reticular fibers. Loose and dense connective tissues. Adipose tissue.
Cartilage: chondrocytes and extracellular matrix. Hyaline, elastic and fibrous cartilage. Histogenesis of cartilage. Articular cartilage.
Bone: osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts. Bone extracellular matrix: composition and function. Compact and spongy bone. Endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Dental histology.
Blood: plasma composition. The number and the main functions of the formed elements of the blood: erythrocyte, leucocyte, platelets.
Muscle tissue. Structure, ultrastructure and functions: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle. The contractile apparatus of striated muscle. Sarcomere structure. Muscle spindles.
Nervous tissue. Structure, location and function. The structure of the neuron: cell body and axon. Neurons and nerve fibers. Glial cells. Histological organization of the nerve. Synapses and neuromuscular junctions. The neuromuscular junction. Axon transport. Didactic methods
- The course of Human anatomy is organized as lectures (36 hours) using the following teaching supports: Power Point presentations and anatomical models of human body parts and human organs.
The course of Special Anatomy provides 24 hours of lectures. The lessons utilizing the following educational tools: power point presentations , anatomical models and and visual aids.
The Histology module includes 24 hours of lectures carried out also with power point presentations.
The course also provides theoretical and practical activity, organized for all students, in small groups, to improve the knowledge of anatomy with the help of anatomical models. Learning assessment procedures
- HUMAN ANATOMY
The exam is written and it consists of 32 multiple choice questions that cover all topics of the program. Each question has 4 or 5 answers of which only one is correct. Each correct answer has a value of 1 point. Answer left blank or wrong has a value of 0 point. The exam duration is 45 minutes.
To pass the exam the student must obtain a minimum score of 18. If the score is less than 18, the student must repeat the test.
SPECIAL ANATOMY
Written exam: 17 questions, 3 of them open questions, covering all the main topics of the course. . Each correct answer has a value of 2 points. Answer left blank or wrong has a value of 0 point. To pass the exam the student must obtain a minimum score of 18. Available time: 45 min.
HISTOLOGY
Quiz at the computer. 45 multiple choice questions (4 answers for each question). Correct answer is worth one point, wrong or no answer is 0 point. Duration of the test: 40 minutes.
THE FINAL GRADE IS A WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF THE MARKS OBTAINED IN EACH TESTS. Reference texts
- HUMAN ANATOMY
SUGGESTED REFERENCES:
Martini, Anatomia Umana, EdiSES
Ambrosi, Anatomia dell’uomo, Edi-Ermes
Saladin, Anatomia Umana, Piccin
Tortora, Principi di Anatomia Umana, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
McKinley, Anatomia Umana, Piccin
Marieb, Elementi di anatomia e fisiologia dell’uomo, Zanichelli
An atlas of human anatomy.
SPECIAL ANATOMY
One of the texts suggested for Anatomia Umana
M. Trevisi, D.Ricci, Anatomia funzionale dell'apparato audio-fonatorio, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
HISTOLOGY
Adamo, Comoglio, Molinaro, Siracusa, Stefanini e Ziparo, Istologia per i Corsi di Laurea delle Professioni Sanitarie, Ed. Piccin, Padova
Junqueira, Carneiro, Compendio Di Istologia Testo-Atlante, Ed. Piccin, Padova
Gartner P. L. et al., Istologia, EdiSES
