GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2019/2020
- Teacher
- ANNA LISA GIULIANI
- Credits
- 4
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
Training objectives
- GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Learning of basic Pathology: etiology, adaptations, cell damage and death, inflammatory reactions, healing, alterations of cell proliferation and differentiation, tumors. Knowledge of main immune-pathologic dieases: hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmune diseases.
INTERNAL MEDICINE
Helping students to understand the most important aspects of Internal Medicine, with a particular focus on systemic diseases (atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity) and consequences on cardiovascular system (acute and chronic coronary artery disease, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease).
PHARMACOLOGY
The main goal of the course consists in providing knowledge of General Pharmacology related to Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and to assess the basic elements for understanding the mechanisms of drug action. The pharmacological effects of some of the most important drugs in the pain therapy e.g. NSAIDs and opioids will be evaluated with the indication in specific clinical cases.
The main knowledge acquired will be:
- general concepts of pharmacokinetics;
- general concepts of pharmacodynamics;
- evaluation of the drug effects in the pain therapy.
The main skills that are the ability to apply knowledge acquired will be:
- assessment of pharmacokinetic factors determining drug effects, drug mechanisms and toxicity to better clarify the pharmacological effect of the drugs;
- evaluation of the basis of the drug effects in the pain therapy for NSAIDs and opioids with the indication in selected clinical cases. Prerequisites
- Appropriate knowledge of biochemistry, human anatomy, physiology. and pathophysiology.
Course programme
- GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Cell adaptations: hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia.
Cell death: necrosis and apoptosis.
Intracellular accumulations. Accumulation in the connective tissues: amyloidosis
Immune System: components and general functions.
Acute inflammation: vascular phenomena, leukocyte exudation, chemical mediators. Features of exudates. Types of acute inflammatory reactions.
Chronic inflammation: interstitial and granulomatous. Generalities and examples. Tuberculosis
The repair process: phases and mediators. Systemic effects of inflammation: fever, leukocytosis, acute phase proteins
Tumors: characteristics of benign and malignant tumors. Histogenetic classification, grading, staging. Molecular basis of the neoplastic process. Stages of carcinogenesis. Tumor growth, tumor progression and metastasis. Immune response against tumors. Local and systemic effects of the tumor.
Hypersensitivity reactions.
Autoimmunity: general characteristics and examples. Diabetes mellitus type I. Rheumatoid Arthritis. Multiple sclerosis. Myasthenia gravis. Celiac disease. LES
Regulation of body weight. Obesity and associated diseases
Diabetes mellitus type 2.
PRIORITY HEALTH PROBLEMS OF SYSTEMIC TYPE
Pathogenesis, diagnosis and pills of therapy of either systemic risk factors (hypertension, obesità) and cardiovascular system diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease (angina and myocardial infarction), heart failure, and peripheral arterial disease.
PHARMACOLOGY
The course forecast 12 hours of teaching exerted as frontal lectures where the following topics will be illustrated:
- General principles of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (2 hours)
- Drug-receptor interaction (2 hours)
- Agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators (2 hours)
- Therapeutic index and drug toxicity (2 hours)
- Main drugs primarily used in the pain therapy e.g. NSAIDs and opioids (4 hours) Didactic methods
- Frontal lectures on the course’s topics through power point presentation.
Learning assessment procedures
- GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Multiple choice quizzes: 30 quizzes in 30 minutes. 1 point for each correct answer, 0 points for a wrong answer or no date. To pass the test you must acquire 18 points
INTERNAL MEDICINE
Multiple choice written test: 30 closed-answer questions, with 4-5 possible responses each (one only right response), with a score definition of 1 point for each correct response, 0 point for each ungiven response, - 0.50 point for each wrong response. Positive test: equal or higher than 18/30. Allowed time: 30 minutes.
PHARMACOLOGY
The aim of the exam is to verify at which level the learning objectives previously described have been acquired. The aim of this examination is to evaluate how deeply the student has studied the subject and how he is able to understand the basic topics analyzed. The exam is based on 15 multiple choice questions with four answers each; the question is worth one point if correct, wrong answer or no answer 0 points. To pass this test it is required to get at least 18 points. The time allowed for this test is 1 hour.
The final grade is a weighted average of the marks obtained in each tests. Reference texts
- GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Pontieri, Patologia e Fisiopatologia generale per Corsi di Laurea in Professioni Sanitarie, Piccin Editore
INTERNAL MEDICINE
ll the didactic material is provided to the students, and it is sufficient to pass the exam. For voluntary more-in-depth study:
C. Rugarli, Trattato Italiano di Medicina Interna, Ed. Masson
PHARMACOLOGY
Rossi F., Cuomo V., Riccardi G., Farmacologia. Principi di base e applicazioni terapeutiche, Ed. Minerva Medica
Panus PC, Katzung B, Jobst EE., et al., Farmacologia in riabilitazione, Edi-Ermes
