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ANATOMY, HISTOLOGY AND HUMAN GENETICS IN RADIOLOGY

Academic year and teacher
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Versione italiana
Academic year
2022/2023
Teacher
REBECCA VOLTAN
Credits
6
Didactic period
Primo Semestre

Training objectives

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Modulo: 53317 - GENETICA MEDICA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE
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HUMAN ANATOMY
The principal goal of this course is the acquisition of a basic anatomical knowledge to understand the functions of the human body in health condition. In particular the course will permit the acquisition of knowledge about the mechanisms that allow individual cells, tissues and organs to perform their specific functions within the human organism by the identification of the different components in the systems and the establishment of their physical and functional relationships. Therefore, at the end of the course the student will be able to recall the basic concepts to discuss the correlations between the structures of the human body and its functions. The students will also acquire the necessary basic medical terminology for the professional opportunities provided by the degree course.

HISTOLOGY
The course aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the structures, organizations and functions of cell and tissue within human body. At the end of the course, the student will be able to describe microscopic structure of cells from different tissues and to correlate them with physiological functions. Furthermore, the student will acquire and use histological terminology as a basis for the critical interpretation of the histology's observations and knowledge.
APPLIED BIOLOGY
Know the main functions of the cell and the mechanisms related to the preservation, expression and transmission of genetic information. Know the different biology approaches and techniques applied to diagnostic and scientific laboratories.
MEDICAL GENETICS
To provide basic knowledge of formal, human and medical genetics. Use of genetics principles for studying the hereditary diseases.

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Modulo: 53318 - ANATOMIA UMANA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE
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HUMAN ANATOMY IN RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
The target course is to compare the main anatomical structures of man, as they are represented in planar radiological imaging techniques

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Modulo: 53319 - ISTOLOGIA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE
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The course aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the structures, organizations and functions of cells and tissue within the human body. At the end of the course, the student will be able to describe the microscopic structure of cells from different tissues and to correlate them with physiological functions. Furthermore, the student will acquire and use histological terminology as a basis for the critical interpretation of the histology's observations and knowledge.

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Modulo: 53834 - ANATOMIA UMANA DI BASE
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The principal goal of this course is the acquisition of a basic anatomical knowledge to understand the functions of the human body in health condition. In particular the course will permit the acquisition of knowledge about the mechanisms that allow individual cells, tissues and organs to perform their specific functions within the human organism by the identification of the different components in the systems and the establishment of their physical and functional relationships. Therefore, at the end of the course the student will be able to recall the basic concepts to discuss the correlations between the structures of the human body and its functions. The students will also acquire the necessary basic medical terminology for the professional opportunities provided by the degree course.

Prerequisites

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Modulo: 53317 - GENETICA MEDICA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE (mutua dall'attività formativa GENETICA MEDICA - 015421/1 del CdS DIETISTICA (abilitante alla professione sanitaria di Dietista) - 1050)
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Basic elements of biology and statistics.

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Modulo: 53318 - ANATOMIA UMANA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE
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Basic elements of radiological anatomy

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Modulo: 53319 - ISTOLOGIA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE (mutua dall'attività formativa ISTOLOGIA - 008871 del CdS IGIENE DENTALE (abilitante alla professione sanitaria di Igienista dentale) - 1054)
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Basic elements of biology and statistics.

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Modulo: 53834 - ANATOMIA UMANA DI BASE (mutua dall'attività formativa ANATOMIA UMANA - 015113/1 del CdS FISIOTERAPIA (abilitante alla professione sanitaria di Fisioterapista) - 1052)
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HUMAN ANATOMY
Adequate knowledge of cytology and biology. Basic principles of physics, chemistry and medical biochemistry.

Course programme

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Modulo: 53317 - GENETICA MEDICA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE (mutua dall'attività formativa GENETICA MEDICA - 015421/1 del CdS DIETISTICA (abilitante alla professione sanitaria di Dietista) - 1050)
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MEDICAL GENETICS UNIT
Mendelian genetics: Phenotype, genotype, independence, segregation; Dominance, recessivity, back-cross; Genealogic trees, AD and AR heredity; Probability, Bayes theorem. Sex-linked genetics and Gender medicine. Cytogenetics: Human normal karyotype; Lyonization, Chromosomal mutations. Extensions of Mendelian genetics: Multiple alleles, codominance, intermediate dominance, lethal genes; Complementation, gene interaction; Penetrance, variable expressivity, late onset diseases, anticipation; Mitochondrial genetics. Genetic recombination: Complete and incomplete association; Meiotic crossing-over; Linkage maps. Genomics: Human genome organization; Eukaryotic gene structure; DNA polymorphisms, gene mutations and mutagenesis. Elements of quantitative traits and population genetics; Elements of nutrigenetics.

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Modulo: 53318 - ANATOMIA UMANA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE
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HUMAN ANATOMY IN RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES UNIT
The knowledge of the main anatomical structures of the man and the main methods of radiological imaging

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Modulo: 53319 - ISTOLOGIA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE (mutua dall'attività formativa ISTOLOGIA - 008871 del CdS IGIENE DENTALE (abilitante alla professione sanitaria di Igienista dentale) - 1054)
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HISTOLOGY UNIT
Histology: Methods of analysis and observation of cells and tissues.
- The Cell: Plasma Membrane, Organelles, Cytoskeleton and Nucleus.
- Epithelia. Characteristics of epithelial tissues. Membrane specializations: apical, lateral and basal surface differentiations. Surface epithelia. Glandular epithelia.
-Connective tissue. The extracellular matrix. Cellular components of Connective tissues. Types of connective tissue: connective tissue proper, reticular tissue and adipose tissue. Characteristics of cartilage tissue: hyaline, elastic and fibrous cartilage. Cartilage histogenesis. Bone tissue: bone cells and extracellular matrix. Lamellar and nonlamellar bone tissues. Histogenesis, remodeling and repair of the bone. Blood: plasma and corpuscular elements. Hemopoiesis. Bone marrow.
- Nervous Tissue: Neurons and glial cells. Conduction of nerve impulse. Synapses.
- Muscle Tissue. Skeletal striated muscle. Cardiac striated muscle. Smooth muscle. Muscle contraction.

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Modulo: 53834 - ANATOMIA UMANA DI BASE (mutua dall'attività formativa ANATOMIA UMANA - 015113/1 del CdS FISIOTERAPIA (abilitante alla professione sanitaria di Fisioterapista) - 1052)
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HUMAN ANATOMY
General architecture of the human body: cells, tissues, organs, systems.
Tegumentary system: the skin.
Cardiovascular system: heart, blood vessels and blood circulation.
Lymphatic system: lymph, lymphoid organs, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic circulation.
Respiratory system: respiratory tract, lungs and respiratory mechanics.
Digestive system: oral cavity, alimentary canal, and related glands (salivary glands, liver and pancreas).
Urinary system: kidney, urinary tract.
Locomotor system: bone, appendicular and axial skeleton.
Nervous system: nervous tissue, spinal cord, brain, midbrain, brainstem, cerebellum, brief references to the peripheral nerves.

Didactic methods

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Modulo: 53317 - GENETICA MEDICA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE (mutua dall'attività formativa GENETICA MEDICA - 015421/1 del CdS DIETISTICA (abilitante alla professione sanitaria di Dietista) - 1050)
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Lessons and practical exercises

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Modulo: 53318 - ANATOMIA UMANA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE
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Lessons and practical exercises

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Modulo: 53319 - ISTOLOGIA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE (mutua dall'attività formativa ISTOLOGIA - 008871 del CdS IGIENE DENTALE (abilitante alla professione sanitaria di Igienista dentale) - 1054)
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The histology course is structured in frontal lectures (8 hours)

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Modulo: 53834 - ANATOMIA UMANA DI BASE (mutua dall'attività formativa ANATOMIA UMANA - 015113/1 del CdS FISIOTERAPIA (abilitante alla professione sanitaria di Fisioterapista) - 1052)
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HUMAN ANATOMY
The course of human anatomy is organized as lectures (24 hours) using the following teaching supports: Power Point presentations and anatomical models of human body parts and human organs.

Learning assessment procedures

The aim of the examination is to test the level of achievement of the previously mentioned educational goals.
The exam consists of 4 parts.
• A partial test of HUMAN ANATOMY: The exam is written and it consists of 33 multiple choice questions that cover all topics of the program. Each question has 5 answers of which only one is correct. Each correct answer has a value of 1 point. Answer left blank or wrong has a value of 0 point. The exam duration is 40 minutes.
To pass the exam the student must obtain a minimum score of 18. If the score is less than 18, the student must repeat the test.
• A partial test of HUMAN ANATOMY IN RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, consisting in an oral exam, concerning the analysis of a proposer x-ray, the recognition of the technique and the anatomical structures as well.
• A partial test of HISTOLOGY, consisting of 32 multiple-choice questions (with 4 options per question). Each correct answer gives 1 point; wrong answers or unanswered questions correspond to 0 points; Exam duration: 40 minutes. Minimum score to pass the test: 18 correct answers.
• A partial test of MEDICAL GENETICS, including a written test and an oral exam. The written test consists in 11 open-ended questions, covering the main subjects of the module program, and corresponding to medical genetic problems and definitions. The estimated time for the test is 90 minutes. To each question a score of 3 points is assigned. The overall score is normalized to 30. To proceed with the oral test students must reach at least 18 points out of 30. The oral test is carried out the same day and consists of an interview with references to questions of the written tests and investigations aimed at evaluating the learning completeness.
The final grade is a weighted average of the marks obtained in each of the four tests.

Reference texts

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Modulo: 53317 - GENETICA MEDICA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE (mutua dall'attività formativa GENETICA MEDICA - 015421/1 del CdS DIETISTICA (abilitante alla professione sanitaria di Dietista) - 1050)
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MEDICAL GENETICS
Teacher’s handouts.
Clementi M. (2016), Elementi di genetica medica, EdiSES
Cummings M.R. (2014), Eredità. Principi e problematiche della genetica umana. EdiSES, Napoli, Italia.
Neri G. & Genuardi M. (2014), Genetica umana e medica, Masson, Elsevier Ed.

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Modulo: 53318 - ANATOMIA UMANA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE
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HUMAN ANATOMY IN RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Mazzuccato, Anatomia radiologica, Casa Ed. Piccin 2009

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Modulo: 53319 - ISTOLOGIA NELLE SCIENZE RADIOLOGICHE (mutua dall'attività formativa ISTOLOGIA - 008871 del CdS IGIENE DENTALE (abilitante alla professione sanitaria di Igienista dentale) - 1054)
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HISTOLOGY
Teaching materials provided by the teacher.
S. Adamo, N. Bernardini, C. Boitani, L. Bonsi, M. Bouché, P. Brun, R. Canipari, R. Castriconi, P. Castrogiovanni, C. Ciccarelli, L. De Angelis, A. D’alessio, P. De Cesaris, M. De Felici, M. De Mattei, V. Desiderio, M. Di Rosa, A. Dolfi, S. Dupont, F. Fazi, A. Filippini, N. Gagliano, M. Grano, R. Imbesi, E. Marcenaro, A. Musarò, C. Nervi, G.P. Papaccio, G. Ricci, A. Riccioli, A. Salustri, B.M. Scicchitano, S. Sivori, V. Tirino, E. Vicini, D. Virgintino, E. Ziparo. Elementi di istologia e cenni di embriologia, Ed. Piccin, Padova

Anthony L. Mescher - Junqueira - Istologia Testo e Atlante, Ed. Piccin, Padova

S. Beninati, P. Bonfanti, P. Cancemi, A.E. Colombo, I. Dalle Donne, M. De Falco, M. Maisano, A. Milzani, M. Paolucci, S. Spiga, E. Tongiorgi, F. Vanzi. Istologia con elementi di Anatomia Microscopica. Ed. EdiSES

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Modulo: 53834 - ANATOMIA UMANA DI BASE (mutua dall'attività formativa ANATOMIA UMANA - 015113/1 del CdS FISIOTERAPIA (abilitante alla professione sanitaria di Fisioterapista) - 1052)
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HUMAN ANATOMY
One of the following texts together with an atlas of Human Anatomy (at the student's choice):
Martini, Anatomia Umana, EdiSES
Saladin, Anatomia Umana, Piccin
Ambrosi, Anatomia dell’uomo, Edi-Ermes
Tortora, Principi di Anatomia Umana, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
McKinley, Anatomia Umana, Piccin
Marieb, Elementi di anatomia e fisiologia dell’uomo, Zanichelli
Hansen JT, NETTER’S Anatomia da colorare, Piccin