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BIOMEDICAL DISCIPLINES OF THE MOVEMENT

Academic year and teacher
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Versione italiana
Academic year
2022/2023
Teacher
VALERIA BERTAGNOLO
Credits
12
Didactic period
Primo Semestre

Training objectives

The course is proposed to complete the description of the systems responsible of the regulation of the motorial activity.

Knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the course the student must have a complete picture of the involved anatomical structures, comprised the special organs of sense.

Applying knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the course the student will have developed the ability to develop specific activities for the recovery and the improvement of the physical efficiency.

The objective of the course is to provide the fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms of adaptation of the body's main apparatuses to exercise in order to provide a physiological frame of reference to be able to assess the compatibility of physical activity with the body's condition. To acquire the knowledge of exercise physiology necessary to achieve the educational objectives proper to the degree course.

Regarding the parameters of Knowledge:
Upon completion of the course, the student should have a complete understanding of the physiology of motor control and exercise.

Applying Knowledge:
At the end of the course the student will be able to design specific activities for the recovery and improvement of physical efficiency based on solid physiological knowledge.
Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

Prerequisites

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Modulo: 016962 - FISIOLOGIA DELL'ESERCIZIO E DEL CONTROLLO MOTORIO
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Basic knowledge of the first principles of physics, chemistry and biochemistry.
Basic knowledge of Human Anatomy. Knowledge of the physiological mechanisms regulating the main functional systems of organism.

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Modulo: 26864 - NEUROANATOMIA APPLICATA ALL'ATTIVITA' MOTORIA
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To possess a good general knowledge about the morphological and functional organization of the human body, with particular reference to the nervous system and to the mechanisms that regulate the motorial activity.

Course programme

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Modulo: 016962 - FISIOLOGIA DELL'ESERCIZIO E DEL CONTROLLO MOTORIO
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THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: responses and adaptation to exercise. Mechanisms of adaptation of the heart and circulation to exercise. The general law of flow. Resistence and compliance properties of vascular system. The arterial pressure and its determinants.
Intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of cardiac output. Relationships between venous return and cardiac output. Cardiac output and arterial resistence regulation. Regulatory mechanisms of arterial pressure.
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: responses and adaptation to exercise. Gas exchange and transport. Nervous control and chemoreceptor mechanisms.
SKELETAL MUSCLES AND EXERCISE: Grading mechanisms of forces of skeletal muscle. Length-tension relationship. The motor units: types anf functional properties. Motor unit recruitment. Muscle fatigue. Effects of exercise on skeletal muscles.
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF MOVEMENT: General principles of motor control. Cortical organization. Motor, pre-motor. The somatosensory system: proprioceptive and tactile sensibility. The vestibular system. Vestibular control of eye movements. Cerebellum. Basal ganglia. Control of posture. Locomotion

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Modulo: 26864 - NEUROANATOMIA APPLICATA ALL'ATTIVITA' MOTORIA
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Functional anatomy of the vestibular apparatus. Vestibular pathways and motorial activity. Anatomy of the acoustic system. Acoustic pathways and motor activity. Anatomy of the visual system. Visual system and motor activity.
Functional anatomy of the Somatic Motor System. Horizontal control of the lower motor neuron: the main spinal reflexes. Automatic control of the lower motor neuron: extrapyramidal tracts. Voluntary control of the lower motor neuron: pyramidal tract.
Basal ganglia and control of motor activity.
Major anatomical and functional circuits. Control of the upper motor neuron: direct and indirect ways.
Archicerebellum, Paleocerebellum and Neocerebellum and their role in the control of the motor activity. Control of the upper motor neuron. Control of extrapyramidal tracts.
Extrinsic muscles of the eye and their innervation. Neural structures involved in the eyeball movements. Vestibulo-ocular reflexes.
Parasympathetic innervation of the eye (accommodation and pupillary reflex).

Didactic methods

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Modulo: 016962 - FISIOLOGIA DELL'ESERCIZIO E DEL CONTROLLO MOTORIO
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Frontal lesson

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Modulo: 26864 - NEUROANATOMIA APPLICATA ALL'ATTIVITA' MOTORIA
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Front lesson

Learning assessment procedures

ANATOMY APPLIED TO MOTORIAL ACTIVITY
Written exam: 32 multiple choice questions (5 options of which only one is correct) on all the topics of the course. Score: +1 for each correct answer, 0 for each wrong or not given answer. Time available: 45 min.

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
Written exam consisting of 30 questions (true or false response), Examination time: 30 minutes.
Score: + 1 for each correct answer, - 1 for every wrong answer, 0 for every unanswered question; The test is passed with a minimum score of 18/30. The vote, however, will not be the result of a mere mathematical calculation, but will also take into account the seriousness of the mistakes made, in the opinion of the commission.

The final grade of the integrated course will derive from a weighted average between the grade of the modules of Neuroanatomy applied to motor activity and Physiology of exercise and motor control

Reference texts

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Modulo: 016962 - FISIOLOGIA DELL'ESERCIZIO E DEL CONTROLLO MOTORIO
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- Fisiologia dell'Uomo (a cura di E. Di Prampero e A. Veicstenas) Edi-Ermes.
- W.J. Germann, C.L. Stanfield, Fisiologia umana, EdiSES, IV ed.

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Modulo: 26864 - NEUROANATOMIA APPLICATA ALL'ATTIVITA' MOTORIA
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Neuroanatomia fondamentale e clinica; M.J.T. FitzGerald, Antonio Delfino Editore