HUMAN ANATOMY
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2022/2023
- Teacher
- DANIELA MILANI
- Credits
- 9
- Didactic period
- Secondo Semestre
- SSD
- BIO/16
Training objectives
- After completing the course the student should know the shape and structure of the main organs of the apparatus of the human body, with particular reference to the systems involved in the mechanisms that allow and regulate the motor activity. This basic knowledge will allow students to understand the correlations between the structures of the human body and its functions and functional mechanisms that enable communication, control and integration of body functions.
Prerequisites
- Basic notions of cytology, biology and histology (the basics of histology will be provided as part of the same Anatomy course).
Course programme
- Anatomical position and terminology, Descriptive sections and planes. Movements.
Basic notion of histology: Connective tissue: properly known; bone, cartilage; Muscle tissue; Epithelial tissues; Nervous tissue: structure and classification of neurons, Synapses. Glia cells classification and functions.
Regions and systems of the human body.
General information on the Integumentary and Digestive System
Cardiovascular system: Heart: morphology, location, orientation, external and internal configuration, relationships and structure of the heart wall, conduction system; vascularization.Vases, structure of arteries, capillaries and veins. Systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation; Aorta: course and main branches; Veins cava upper and lower; azygos system and portal vein system.
General notions on the lymphatic system and lymphatic circulation. Respiratory system: Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea and Bronchi; Respiratory division: Pleura and respiratory mechanics.
Endocrine system: Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal and Pancreas endocrine component.
Urinary system: Kidneys and urinary tract.
LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS
Generality and functions of the skeletal and muscular skeletal systems
Appendicular and axial skeleton and muscles;
Bones: morphological classification, structure and functions.
General on the joints: Fibrus; Cartilaginous and Synovial joints (classification, structure and movements).
Generalities on skeletal muscles
TRUNK: Vertebral column and muscles of the back; Neck Wall: Neck muscles. Bands of the neck: Thorax Wall: Skeleton of the chest and its organizational structure. Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles; Diaphragm and Respiratory Mechanics; Abdomen Wall: Abdominal muscles and related bands; Pelvis: Skeleton of the pelvis. Pelvic wall and pelvic floor.
UPPER limb: Thoracic girdle, axilla, arm, cubital region, forearm and hand. LOWER Limb: Pelvic girdle, thigh, popliteal fossa, leg and foot. Students must know skeleton, joints and muscles about each region.
HEAD: skeleton of neurocranium and splanchnocranium. External and internal view of articulated skull.
NEUROANATOMY: Generality. Anatomical classification: Central and peripheral nervous system; Functional classification: the somatic and autonomic systems.
Development of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Meninges, Subarachnoid space, cerebrospinal fluid (Production, circulation and reabsorption).
Functional classification of neurons; White and gray matter of the nervous system
Receptors, innervation of the skin, of the muscle and joints.
Spinal cord: general organization and spinal reflexes. Spinal nerves and plexuses.
Brainstem: general organization and gray matter involved in motor control. Reticular and vital centers in the brain stem.
Diencephalon: functional anatomy of Thalamus and Hypothalamus.
Telencephalon: Cerebral hemispheres, structure and functional outline of the cerebral cortex. Basal ganglia and motor activity.
Cerebellum: morphological, functional and phylogenetic description. Cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei. Spinal cord Somatic pathways (sensory and motor)
Visceral innervation: Autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic); Neuroendocrine system; Hypothalamus.
Somatic peripheral nervous system, overview of the cranial nerves; Spinal nerves and cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral plexuses. Innervation of the body wall. Detailed innervation and distribution of the motor and sensory nerves of the upper and lower extremities. Didactic methods
- The course is organized as lectures using power point presentations and visual aids.
Learning assessment procedures
- The exam will be in attendance, on the Moodle platform. It consists of 33 multiple-choice questions that concern the entire program covered in class. Each question has 4 or 5 answers of which only one is correct. The score attributed to each question answered correctly is 1. The score attributed to questions not answered or answered incorrectly is zero. The exam lasts 40 minutes. To pass the exam, the minimum score of 18/33 must be achieved.
Reference texts
- GENERAL ANATOMY
Anatomia Umana, Fondamenti, con istituzioni di istologia Edi-ermes
Saladin, Anatomia Umana, Piccin
Martini , Anatomia Umana, EdiSES
Tortora , PRINCIPI di Anatomia Umana, Ambrosiana
ATLAS
Netter, Atlante di Anatomia Umana (regionale), Edra
Prometheus, Atlante di Anatomia Umana (regionale); EdiSES
SPECIFIC TEXTS For THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
-Anatomia Funzionale e Imaging Sistema Locomotore, Edi-ermes
-Anatomia dell’Apparato Locomotore, EdiSES
-Topografia e funzione dell’apparato locomotore
- Prometheus: Testo Atlante di Anatomia Umana; Vol. Anatomia Generale e Apparato Locomotore; Ed. EdiSES
