BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY
Academic year and teacher
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2018/2019
- Teacher
- CARLO MISCHIATI
- Credits
- 12
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
Training objectives
- BIOLOGY APPLIED TO PHYSICAL EXERCISE
Provide basic knowledge on cellular biology and genetics. This course follows a formative pathway that leads the student to the understanding of: organization of the life at cellular and macromolecules levels, cellular and macromolecules characteristics, their multiplication and replicative properties, how the flow of the genetic information passes from the DNA to the RNA and to proteins, how the genetic information in a generalized manner is inherited during the generations and the modalities of gene expression in general, during the time and in the different tissue districts, the result of the mutations. Understanding of the sequence of pathologic events originating from the inherited mutations of one or more genes and leading to the altered phenotype, such as in the hypercholesterolemia, in different types of thalassemia, cystic fibrosis.
BIOCHEMISTRY
The module aims to promote the acquisition of the basic principles of biochemical propaedeutics and biochemistry. The student will understand the nature of living matter by learning to recognize functional groups in organic molecules and to describe the structure of the elements that make up living matter, such as amino acids, sugars and fatty acids, and the structure of proteins. The course also provides to acquire the overall knowledge on the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins with particular reference to sports practice. Prerequisites
- The student should have basic knowledge of chemistry, physics, mathematics, cellular biology, human anatomy and the fundament of biological sciences.
Course programme
- BIOLOGY APPLIED TO PHYSICAL EXERCISE
Origin of life. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Basic life chemistry: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. DNA and RNA, structure and functions. DNA replication, transcription and genetic code. Translation. Vesicle traffic. Virus and prions. Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis. Embryo development. Cytoskeleton. Mitochondria and energy production. Muscle cells and neurons.
GENETICS: Mendel's laws, recombination and linkage. Mutations. Human genome and genetic disorders. Basic immunology. Biology of cancer.
BIOCHEMISTRY
Propedeutic Biochemistry: the atom and its constituents, quantum numbers, orbital, periodic system; covalent bonding, weak bonds to hydrogen, van der Waals, hydrophobic interaction; carbon, properties and hybridizations of orbitals in single, double and triple bonds; salts present in the human organism and nomenclature, measure of concentration of solutions, solubility, examples of preparation of a solution; acids, bases and salts, definition of pH and buffer systems, salt hydrolysis; osmosis. Functional groups, nomenclature and main reactions. Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, esters, amines, amino acids, aromatics. Structures of sugars and lipids.
Biochemistry: Overview of enzymatic catalysis, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy and free energy; mobile chemical equilibrium and law of action of the masses, spontaneity of reactions, enzymatic kinetics, activation energy and catalysts, coenzymes. Enzymes: catalytic site and allosteric sites. Amino acids, peptide bond, structure and function of proteins, oxygen transport. The membrane: transport of metabolites. Energy metabolism: ATP and its production. Carbohydrate metabolism: glycolysis, lactic fermentation, alcoholic fermentation, citric acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen, gluconeogenesis. Respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolism of lipids. Metabolism of proteins, amino acids and related molecules. The metabolism of nucleotides, metabolic regulation. Metabolic integrations and specific metabolic activities of the organs. Didactic methods
- Lectures
Learning assessment procedures
- BIOLOGY APPLIED TO PHYSICAL EXERCISE
Written exam with 100 multiple choice questions. For each right answer the score is +0.3, no answer is scored with 0, wrong answer is cored -0.15. The time for the exam is 2 hours.
BIOCHEMISTRY
Written exam: test lasting about one hour, represented by 33 questions each with 5 possible answers and without subtracting the vote in case of wrong answer.
THE FINAL GRADE IS A WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF THE MARKS OBTAINED IN EACH TESTS. Reference texts
- BIOLOGY APPLIED TO PHYSICAL EXERCISE
Suggested texts for BIOLOGY
Autori Vari, a cura di De Leo, Ginelli, e Fasano. Biologia e Genetica, 4a EDIZIONE. Editore EdiSES, Napoli
B. Alberts, et al. - Biologia molecolare della cellula - Ed. Zanichelli, Bologna
W.K.Purves et al. Elementi di Biologia e Genetica. Ed. Zanichelli, Bologna
G.M. Cooper, R.E. Hausman. La Cellula. Un approccio molecolare. Ed. Piccin, Padova
J. D. Watson et al. Biologia molecolare del gene. Ed. Zanichelli, Bologna
Suggested texsts for GENETICS
M.R. Cummings - Eredità. EdiSES, Napoli
B. A. Pearce – Genetica – Ed Zanichelli
T. Strachan, A. Read - Genetica umana molecolare - Ed. UTET, Torino
D. Watson et al. DNA ricombinante. Ed. Zanichelli, Bologna
In alternativa, previa consultazione con il docente, ogni altro testo aggiornato di Biologia e Genetica, pubblicato dopo il 2011
BIOCHEMISTRY
I principi di biochimica di Lehninger. Nelson DL, Cox MM. Zanichelli
The student will have a pdf file with all the slides projected during lectures and in-depth handouts of specific topics provided by the teacher.
