ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY I + LABORATORY OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY I
Academic year and teacher
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2022/2023
- Teacher
- ALBERTO CAVAZZINI
- Credits
- 8
- Didactic period
- Secondo Semestre
- SSD
- CHIM/01
Training objectives
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Modulo: 27110 - CHIMICA ANALITICA I
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At the end of this class, students will possess the background knowledge of ionic equilibria in water solutions, in particular acid-base, precipitation and metal-complex equilibria. The aim of the course is to give to students a unitary understanding of chemical equilibria in solution based on the application of a few basic concepts (mass and charge balance) and the identification of chemical species truly necessary to describe the system under investigation. Goal of this course is also to introduce students to statistical treatment of data, error interpretation and proper presentation of analytical results and to properly present data in technical reports. In addition, this class will provide students with understanding of safe laboratory practices and procedures through laboratory classes where the students will apply the concepts learnt during the theoretical classes (with experiences of both qualitative and quantitative analysis).
After this class, students will be able to independently solve typical problems involving ionic equilibria in solution (pH calculation, solubility calculation, etc.); to recognize the relative importance of the different species present at equilibrium and to simplify the complexity of problems; to interpret concentration diagrams; to solve chemical equilibria also by means of worksheets; to understand the nature of random and systematic errors; to correctly represent experimental results and write technical reports.
At the end of the lab, students will be able to perform basic analytical operations (solution preparation, use of pH-meter, burettes, centrifuges, etc.), to execute some of the most commonly employed techniques of volumetric analysis (titrations) and to properly report their experimental results as technical notes.
During lessons, practical and theoretical knowledge will be given so that students will also learn teaching strategies and techniques.
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Modulo: 27111 - LABORATORIO DI CHIMICA ANALITICA I
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This class will provide students with understanding of safe laboratory practices and procedures through laboratory classes where the students will apply the concepts learnt during the theoretical classes (with experiences of both qualitative and quantitative analysis). At the end of the lab, students will be able to perform basic analytical operations (solution preparation, use of pH-meter, burettes, centrifuges, etc.), to execute some of the most commonly employed techniques of volumetric analysis (titrations) and to properly report their experimental results as technical notes. Prerequisites
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Modulo: 27110 - CHIMICA ANALITICA I
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Knowledge from General and Inorganic Chemistry course, including General and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory class. Basics of calculus.
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Modulo: 27111 - LABORATORIO DI CHIMICA ANALITICA I
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Knowledge from General and Inorganic Chemistry course, including General and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory class. Basics of calculus. Course programme
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Modulo: 27110 - CHIMICA ANALITICA I
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The class is made of 12 ECTS (European University Credits), 8 of which [tot: 64 h] are theoretical lessons and the remaining 4 [tot: 48 h] are laboratory classes.
The main theoretical subjects covered in this course are:
1) Introduction: mole concept; concentration units; the equilibrium constant and factors affecting the equilibrium constant (Effect of composition, temperature and solvents)[2h].
2) The application of the activity concept: activity and activity coefficient; activity and the equilibrium expression; the ionic strength of a solution; the Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes; activity coefficient of ions; activities ad equilibrium calculations; exercises.[5h]
3) Acid-base equilibria: Theories of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis); strengths of acids and bases; the concept of pH; the concept of a neutral solution; solutions of strong acids and strong bases; charge balance; proton balance; mass balance; graphical representation of equilibria; strong acids/strong bases titrations; acid-base indicators; titration errors; monobasic Bronsted acids and monoacid Bronsted bases; the degree of dissociation; solutions containing weak acids; solutions containing conjugate acid-base pairs; polyprotic acids; the composition of a solution containing a polyprotic acid as a function of pH; ampholytes; exercises.[27h]
4) Precipitation equilibria: factors affecting the solubility of electrolytes; solubility and solubility product; quantitative relationship between solubility and solubility product; the common ion effect; selective precipitation; argentometric titrations; exercise and lab experiences about precipitation equilibria.[10h]
5) Metal complex equilibria: stepwise and global constants for metal complex equilibria; graphical representation; EDTA in analytical chemistry; metal complex indicators; selective titrations; titrations in presence of competitive agents; exercises and lab experiences about metal complex equilibria.[12h]
6) Introduction to statistical treatment of data: population, sample; importance of sampling; errors; relative and absolute frequency; histograms; probability density function; Normal distribution; confidence intervals; t-student distribution; how to report experimental results; exercises.[8h]
Regarding lab experiences, the main subjects that will be covered in this class are: acid-base equilibria and acid-base titrations [20h]; gravimetric analysis and argentometric titrations [12h]; aminocarboxylic acid (EDTA) titrations [8h]; redox titrations [8h].
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Modulo: 27111 - LABORATORIO DI CHIMICA ANALITICA I
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The class is made of 2 ECTS (European University Credits), 1 of which [tot: 8 h] is about theoretical lessons and the remaining 1[tot: 12 h] is made of laboratory classes. In the theory course the experiences will be illustrated and the related calculations commented. In lab experiences, the main subjects that will be covered in this class are: acid-base equilibria and acid-base titrations [8h]; aminocarboxylic acid (EDTA) titrations [4h]. Didactic methods
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Modulo: 27110 - CHIMICA ANALITICA I
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The course comprises both theory and practical training. For security reasons, when the number of enrolled students exceeds 25, two (or more) lab sessions will be organized. Students are required to participate to at least to 2/3 of laboratory experiences in order to access the exam. During lectures, proofs and examples are explained on the blackboard, while a computer projector is possibly used for visualization figures, tables, etc. and to graphically represent the equilibria under investigation. Spreadsheets will also be used for data statistical analysis. All the visual material presented during classes will be given to students.
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Modulo: 27111 - LABORATORIO DI CHIMICA ANALITICA I
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The course comprises both theory and practical training. For security reasons, when the number of enrolled students exceeds 25, two (or more) lab sessions will be organized. Students are required to participate to at least to 2/3 of laboratory experiences in order to access the exam. During lectures, proofs and examples are explained on the blackboard, while a computer projector is possibly used for visualization figures, tables, etc. and to graphically represent the equilibria under investigation. Spreadsheets will also be used for data statistical analysis. All the visual material presented during classes will be given to students. Learning assessment procedures
- Scope of the exam is to verify the knowledge of students in terms of both capacity of using basic concepts to describe the most important chemical equilibria and ability to solving numerical problems.
The exam is divided into two different parts, one for the module of Analytical Chemistry I (module-1) and one for Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry I (module-2). Only one mark will be given to students at the end od the class. Module-1 consists of a written test with 3 numerical exercises on the subjects of the course. It can also be split into two parts (mid-term tests). Scientific calculators, books and class notes are allowed during the exam. On request of the student, also an oral examination can be taken after the written test. Module-2 is based on a multiple-choice test focusing on the experiences made during the lab (both theoretical questions and exercises). The evaluation will take into account also student’s behavior in the laboratory.
The final mark will be calculated on the basis of evaluations of module-1 and -2 with different weights: 80% from module-1 and 20% from module-2. Reference texts
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Modulo: 27110 - CHIMICA ANALITICA I
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Reference Books:
- H. Freiser, Q. Fernando, Ionic Equilibria in Analytical Chemistry
- D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, F. J. Holler, S.R. Crouch, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry
- D.C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis
- David S. Hage and James D. Carr, Analytical Chemistry and Quantitative Analysis
Books for in depth study:
- Kahlert, Scholz, Acid-Base Diagrams
- Butler, Ionic Equilibrium Solubility and pH Calculations
- J.L. Burgot, Ionic Equilibria in Analytical Chemistry
All the visual material presented during classes (not included in the above mentioned reference books) will be given to students.
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Modulo: 27111 - LABORATORIO DI CHIMICA ANALITICA I
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Reference Books:
- D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, F. J. Holler, S.R. Crouch, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry
- D.C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis
All the visual material presented during classes (not included in the above mentioned reference books) will be given to students.
