PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS AND MEDICINES FOR AQUACULTURE
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2022/2023
- Teacher
- ROMEO ROMAGNOLI
- Credits
- 6
- Didactic period
- Secondo Semestre
- SSD
- CHIM/08
Training objectives
- The main objective of the course is to provide students with basic theoretical knowledge on the chemical structure, the mechanism of action through the knowledge of the nature of the interaction between an active molecule and its biological counterpart, and the destiny in the environment. of plant protection products and drugs used in aquaculture.
Specifically, the course aims to transfer knowledge and promote understanding of the following contents:
- Classification, structure and mechanism of action of the active components of pesticides and drugs used in aquaculture;
- Pathways of transformation, degradation and distribution of pesticides and aquaculture drugs in the environment, plants, soil and waters.
- Regulatory aspects relating to the use of crop protection products (notes); Prerequisites
- Basic knowledge of general and inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, biology and biochemistry
Course programme
- General, chemical classification and functional classification of pesticides (Insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, acaricides, phytohormones or plant growth regulators, nematocides, rodenticides, slugicides).
- Structure and mechanism of action of the main insecticides.
- Structure and mechanism of action of the main fungicides.
- Structure and mechanism of action of the main herbicides or herbicides.
- Photodegradative pathways of pesticides in the environment.
- Transport and degradation of pesticides in the soil, water bodies and air.
- Pathways of detoxification and metabolism of pesticides in plants.
- Residues of pesticides in food: MRLs (Maximum Residual Limits) and monitoring.
- Drugs used in aquaculture:
• ANTIBACTERIAL ANTIBIOTICS. Generalities and classification. Antibiotics with a beta-lactam structure (penicillins, cephalosporins), carbapenems, monobactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, phenol-thiamphenicol / florfenicol, macrolides (erythromycin, lincosamides), peptide antibiotics (polymyxin).
CHEMOTHERAPY ANTIBACTERIALS. Sulfonamides. Quinolones. Nitrofurans and nitroimidazoles. Dihydrofolator reductase inhibitors.
• PESTICIDES against protozoa and internal worms or external crustaceans (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, emamectin, diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, azamethiphos).
• ANTIMICROBIALS (eg quaternary ammonium salts, chloramine, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide + peracetic acid).
• ANTIMICOTICS (eg bronopol).
• ANESTHETICS (tricaine mesylate, benzocaine).
• VACCINES.
• STEROID HORMONES. Androgenic and anabolic.
- European legislation on drugs for livestock production animals (including fish): EEC Regulation 2377/90.
Annex I: drugs with definitive MRLs (Maximum Residual Limits);
Annex II: drugs that do not require MRLs;
Annex III: drugs with Temporary MRLs;
Annex IV: drugs that cannot be assigned MRLs (therefore prohibited);
Annexes I and III drugs admitted in aquaculture by EMEA.
Annex IV drugs that are not allowed for use in aquaculture: Chloramphenicol and Nitrofurans (Furazolidone, Furaltadone). Didactic methods
- The lessons will be delivered in pre-recorded mode with weekly meetings with students on all the topics of the course outside the canonical timetable of the lessons, to review the parts that still require further study.
Learning assessment procedures
- The objective of the final examination is to verify the level of achievement of the general training objectives of the course. The student can choose between an oral test or a written test. In the written test the student must answer three questions, the answers are open, they must be concise but exhaustive.
In both the oral and written tests the student must demonstrate knowledge of drug interaction mechanisms and knowledge of drug substrate enzymes and must be able to describe the structure, mechanism of action and therapeutic use of the most important drugs treated. Reference texts
- Agrofarmaci. Conoscenze per un uso sostenibile. Autori vari, a cura di M. Gennari e M. Trevisan. Perdisa editore, Bologna, 2008.
Didactic material provided by the teacher (Power Point presentations of the lessons, handouts)
