HISTOLOGY ANS HUMAN ANATOMY I
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2019/2020
- Teacher
- LUCA MARIA NERI
- Credits
- 16
- Curriculum
- MORFO-FUNZIONALE
- Didactic period
- Primo Semestre
- SSD
- BIO/17
Training objectives
- The course of Histology and Anatomy I consists of two modules. The Histology and Embryology module aims to provide theoretical and practical knowledges about organization and body distribution of tissues. Furthermore, the module aims to provide theoretical and practical knowledge about embryonic development and differentiation. The Human Anatomy I aims to give to the student the knowledge of clinically oriented anatomy, in an overall view that includes organs and apparatuses and loco-regional relationships.
Knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the course the student will:
- know the main histological techniques.
- know the body distribution of tissues; to be able to correlate cellular activities and the structural and ultrastructural organization of cells and tissues with their main functional activities.
- acquire histological and embryological terminology as a basis for the critical interpretation of the morphological knowledge.
- know the events underlying the development processes: from cell proliferation, molecular induction processes and cell differentiation, morphogenesis.
- understand the main processes through which tissue organization takes place during embryonic development and differentiation.
- recall the main steps that lead to the development of the apparatus and the human organism.
- know contents related to the regions of the splanchocranium, neck, thorax, spine-vertebral column, abdomen and bone pelvis will therefore be treated, with links to descriptive and systematic anatomy (shape, position, relationships), topographic (loco-regional) and clinical.
Applying knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the course the student will have developed the ability to:
- demonstrate the ability of observation and identification of the tissues by the common techniques of microscopic observation.
- know the main clinical correlations deriving from morphogenetic and histogenetic developmental alterations.
- recognize, describe and analyze the organ or apparatus within the region in which it is located, and to analyze simple clinical cases oriented to anatomy. Prerequisites
- Histology and Embriology module:
Basic knowledge of chemistry and biology
Human Anatomy I module:
Specific prerequisites not needed.
Useful knowledge of basic notions of biology and histology. Course programme
- HISTOLOGY and EMBRYOLOGY
Methods and tools of investigation for the observation of cells, tissues.
Epithelial tissue. Characteristics and classification of lining epithelia. Membrane specializations. Intercellular junction systems. General properties of exocrine and endocrine glands.
Connective tissue. Molecular composition and functions of the extracellular matrix. Cell matrix adhesion. Basal membranes. Cellular component. Characteristics of connective tissues as such: mesenchyme, loose and dense fibrillar connective tissue, reticular connective tissue, adipose tissue. Characteristics of hyaline, fibrous and elastic cartilage. Histogenesis of cartilage. Characteristics of bone tissue: non-laminar and lamellar bone tissue. Ossification. Generalities and functions of blood and its components. Hematopoiesis. Lymphoid tissue: bone marrow.
Muscle tissue. Characteristics of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissue. Mechanisms of muscle contraction. Neuromuscular junctions.
Nervous tissue. Characteristics of nervous tissue, neurons and glial cells. Description of chemical and electrical synapses.
Embryology: Ovulation and spermatogenesis. Fertilization and implantation. Events of the first three months of embryonic development. Germinal disc formation. Development of the following apparatuses: digestive, cardiovascular, urinary, genital, integumentary, nervous, skeletal and muscular. Development of face, eye and ear. Further insights with clinical cases.
HUMAN ANATOMY I
Generalities. Anatomical position. Reference planes and sections. Body regions. Body cavity. Skeletal system: generality of bones and joints. Muscular system: generalities of muscles, tendons and aponeuroses.
Spine. Surface anatomy. Vertebral column. Ossification of the vertebrae. Vascularization of the spine. Back muscles. Sub-occipital and deep muscles of the neck. Spinal cord and meninges. Spinal nerves. Dermatomes.
Chest. Skeleton, joints, bandages, muscles, vessels, nerves, functional anatomy and movements of the chest wall. Breasts. Thoracic diaphragm. Trachea, bronchi, lungs, pleura, vessels and nerves. Heart and pericardium. Fetal circle. Arterial system and venous system (pulmonary and systemic circulation). Aorta and its branches. Constitution of the superior vena cava and azygos vein system. Esophagus. Mediastinum: subdivisions and contents. Cardiac and pulmonary nerve plexus. Thoracic duct.
Neck. Fascial apparatus, muscles and neck triangles. Superficial anatomy of the neck. Vagus nerve, phrenic nerve, cervical plexus, brachial plexus, cervical sympathetic chain. Common carotid artery. Internal, external carotid artery and its branches. Subclavian artery and its branches. Jugular vein system. Deep neck structures. Viscera of the neck.
Head. Splancnocranium bones, nasal cavities, and paranasal sinuses. Temporo-mandibular joint. Masticatory muscles. Oral cavity (excluding the teeth), hard and soft palate, tongue, salivary glands and loggia, tonsil. Vessels of the splanchocranium. Limits, muscular and vascular contents of cranial cavity.
Abdomen. Pelvis, muscles of the anterolateral and posterior wall of the abdomen, inguinal canal, abdominal and inguinal hernias. Abdominal quadrants. Peritoneum. Ligaments, meso, oments (epiploon). Compartments, spaces and recesses of the peritoneal cavity. Abdominal viscera. Esophagus. Stomach. Small and large intestine. Appendix. Vascularization of the supramesocolic and subsomesocolic region. Spleen. Pancreas. Liver. Extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder. Portal vein and portal-caval anastomosis. Retroperitoneal compartment. Kidneys, renal lodge, ureters and adrenal glands. Visceral and parietal vascular plans, anterior and posterior, cavo-caval anastomosis. Didactic methods
- The course of Histology and Anatomy I consists of two modules. The module of Histology and Embryology provides 75 teaching hours divided into 48 hours of frontal lectures and 27 hours of on-line assisted teaching. The on-line teaching hours of moodle platform certification service consist in the insights of some topics presented during the frontal lessons and indicated by the teacher at the beginning of the course. The human Anatomy I module provides 100 teaching hours divided into 64 hours of frontal lectures and 36 hours of on-line assisted teaching. The on-line teaching hours of moodle platform certification service consist in insights of some topics presented during the frontal lessons. Lectures, presentation of clinical cases using a problem solving method.
Learning assessment procedures
- The learning verification will be carried out by a written exam, lasting 60 to 90 minutes, without the use of notes or books or personal multimedia support, in the presence of the teachers. The test will be formulated with multiple-choice questions (5 multiple-choice) relating to all the educational goals. No penalty for wrong answers or not given. The verification of the knowledge of the Histology and Embryology module will require the identification of histological images as a necessary prerequisite to continue the test. To access the test the student will have to recognize at least two out of 3 images. The questions of Histology and Embryology module will be prepared in order to verify the knowledge acquired about tissue organization and about the main steps that lead to the development of tissues and apparatus of the human organism, also with the use of images. The questions of Anatomy I module, some of which including also images, will be prepared in order to verify the anatomical knowledge acquired by the student from a systematic and topographical point of view, in some cases even with simple clinical references treated in class, and wih the use of images.
For both modules, a minimum score of 18 out of 30 will be required to pass the exam. The maximum grade, equal to 30 cum laude, is obtained by those who, answering the questions correctly, will reach 95% of the maximum score; the minimum grade, equal to 18, is obtained by those who, answering the questions correctly, will reach 60% of the maximum score, taking into account the different weight attributed to the questions themselves.
The questions may have a different weight based on the complexity of the question and on the particular knowledge that is verified.
The final grade will derive from a weighted average of the Histology and Embryology and Anatomy I modules. Reference texts
- HISTOLOGY
Text book (1 choice):
Monesi, Istologia, Piccin Ed.
Maraldi and Tacchetti, Istologia Medica, Edi-Ermes
Atlas (1 choice):
J.B. Kerr, Atlante di Istologia funzionale, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
Atlante di istologia. Con correlazioni funzionali e cliniche. Dongmei Cui. Piccin Ed.
EMBRYOLOGY
Text book (1 choice):
De Felici et al., Embriologia Umana, Piccin Ed.
Barbieri M., Carinci P., Embriologia, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
HUMAN ANATOMY I
Text book (1 choice):
Anastasi G. et al., Trattato di anatomia Umana, Edi-Ermes
Barbatelli G. et al., Anatomia umana Fondamenti con istituzioni di Istologia, Edi-Ermes
Susan Strandin, Anatomia del Gray, Casa Editrice EDRA
Atlas (1 choice):
F.H. Netter, Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Casa Editrice EDRA
Prometheus, Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Casa Editrice Edises
Anatomia Umana, Atlante, Anastasi, Gaudio, Tacchetti, Casa Editrice Edi-Ermes
